Підручник для студентів старших курсів

aims and purposes, e.g. we shall consider briefly (in detail) the problem of …; this book is meant to show …; what we are aiming at is …;

generally recognized facts, e.g. it is common knowledge …that… ; it is generally believed that…; it is commonly held that…;

beginning of reasoning, e.g. we shall begin by saying that …; we will begin with a brief consideration of …; the first point to be made is …;

connection with the above said, e.g. as has been already pointed out …; it has already been stated above …; we began by saying that …; so far we have considered only …;

transition to the ensuing part of reasoning, e.g. we shall now proceed to show…; it follows from what has been said that…; the next point to be made is that …; we now move to …; let us now consider …;

adding on information, e.g. it should be added in this connection that…; it requires an additional remark…; in addition it may be useful (necessary) to…;

digression, returning to the above said, e.g. here a digression is called for…; to see the point we must go back to…; it brings us back to…;

specification of information, e.g. by this we mean (don’t mean) that…; this is not to say that…; in other words…; to clarify the point…;

drawing conclusions, e.g. we may now summarize… by saying that…; it enables us to make a conclusion that…; in conclusion we would like to say that…;

bringing out the most important points, e.g. we should lay special emphasis on…; it should be borne in mind that …; it is noteworthy that…; it is worth pointing out that…; it seems essential to emphasize that…;

exemplification, e.g. this may serve as a good illustration of…; here are some examples of…; two or three examples will suffice to show that…;