Phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet



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English phonology - Wikipedia



English phonology
This article contains 
phonetic transcriptions
 in the 
International Phonetic Alphabet
(IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see 
Help:IPA
. For the distinction
between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see 
IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
.
Like many other languages, 
English
 has wide variation in 
pronunciation
, both 
historically
and
from 
dialect to dialect
. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely
similar (but not identical) 
phonological
system. Among other things, most dialects have
vowel reduction
 in 
unstressed
 
syllables
 and a complex set of 
phonological features
that
distinguish 
fortis and lenis
 
consonants
 (
stops

affricates
, and 
fricatives
).
Phonological analysis of English often concentrates on or uses, as a reference point, one or
more of the 
prestige
 or 
standard
 accents, such as 
Received Pronunciation
 for 
England
,
General American
 for the 
United States
, and 
General Australian
 for 
Australia
. Nevertheless,
many other dialects of English are spoken, which have developed independently from these
standardized accents, particularly regional dialects. Information about these standardized
accents functions only as a limited guide to all of English phonology, which one can later
expand upon once one becomes more familiar with some of the many other dialects of
English that are spoken.

phoneme
 of a language or dialect is an 
abstraction
 of a 
speech sound
or of a group of
different sounds which are all perceived to have the same function by speakers of that

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