The Orthoepic Norm



Download 25,39 Kb.
bet1/6
Sana21.01.2022
Hajmi25,39 Kb.
#396382
  1   2   3   4   5   6
Bog'liq
Varieties of English Pronunciation


Varieties of English Pronunciation

The Orthoepic Norm

There exist numerous varieties of pronunciation in any language, the English language as well. The pronunciation of almost of every locality in the British Isles has peculiar features that distinguish it from the pronunciation of other localities. Besides, pr-n is socially influenced. It reflects class distinctions, education and upbringing. The varieties that are spoken by a socially limited number of people and used only in certain localities are called dialects. There are therefore local dialects & social dialects. All these varieties have much more in common. They are varieties of one & the same language, the English language.

Dialects have some peculiarities in pr-n, vocabulary and grammatical structure. Due to mass media (radio, TV, cinema), the increased mobility of the population, concentration of the population in the cities, the dialectal differences are becoming less marked. That, of course, does not mean the pr-n of a

Manchester dialect speaker does not differ from the pr-n of a London dialect speaker. Among the most well-known dialects one should mention Cockney (spoken by the less educated part of the Londoners), Cornish dialect (in Cornwall) & others.

Dialect speakers are, as a rule, the less educated part of the population. With the more educated people pr-n generally tends to conform to a particular standard. Dialects enrich the language & make it more lively & fresh.

In present – day English the number of local dialects is being reduced to fewer, more or less general, regional types. Every regional type of pr-n is characterized by features that are common to all the dialects used in the region. The regional types of pr-n, in their turn, are marked one from another by a number of peculiarities specific to each of them. British English phoneticians generally distinguish 3 main regional types of pr-n: Southern, Northern & Scottish regional types of English pr-n.

One of the types of pr-n, generally the one that is spoken by the educated people in the capital, is recognized as the orthoepic norm. The orthoepic norm of a language is the standard pr-n adopted by native speakers as the right & proper way of speaking. It is used by the most educated part of the population.

The orthoepic norm is based on the variants of pr-n that are widely used in actual speech, that reflect the main phonetic tendencies, & that are considered to be acceptable by the educated.

Since the orthoepic norm is ever changing & developing, from time to time the pronouncing dictionaries have to be revised & reset. E.g. in the (1937) edition of Everyman’s English Pronouncing Dictionary by D.Jones the pr-ns of the following words were indicated in such an order: “again” / ә'gein - ә' gen /, “national” - /næ әnәl, nәl, nl /. In the (1956) edition the order is reversed: “again” / ә'gen - ә' gein /, “national” - /næ әnl, nәl, nlnl, әnәl /.

In connected speech the sound structures of words are modified under the influence of rhythm, tempo &utterance stress. But the pronouncing dictionaries do not and cannot reflect all these variants.




Download 25,39 Kb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
  1   2   3   4   5   6




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish