employed to do something other than addressing problems in speaking, hearing, or
understanding. They serve as vehicles for conveying affiliation and disaffiliation.
The data corpus on which this study is based was collected over the course of a
semester in a major graduate school of education on the east coast of the United
States. It consists of five 90-minute taped sessions of a graduate seminar with a mix-
ture of native and nonnative English-speaking participants. The first three sessions,
from which the first two segments discussed in this chapter are drawn, also had been
videotaped. The data were transcribed in detail using the system developed by Gail
Jefferson (see transcription conventions).
Repair Initiations as a Vehicle for Affiliation
For the purposes of this chapter, “affiliation” refers to the seeking of reconciliation.
For example, when a third person strives to create some sort of alignment between
two other parties, he or she is doing affiliative talk. Although this definition of affili-
ation is somewhat at odds with the idea of agreement or like-mindedness often asso-
ciated with affiliation in the CA literature (e.g., Egbert 1997), it is in broad conso-
nance with Heritage’s (1984, 268) notion of affiliation as being “supportive of social
solidarity.”
The cases that contain the affiliative sort of repair initiation manifest a common
sequential trajectory, as follows:
1. Trouble source turn
2. Interactional deadlock
3. Repair initiation
Note that the interactional deadlock could entail repeated indications of questions be-
ing unsatisfactorily answered, the mere absence of uptake, or the presence of two dia-
metrically opposed positions. In what follows, I show how this sequential trajectory
is manifested in actual interaction and the sort of affiliative work that repair initiation
is employed to accomplish within this trajectory.
In the following segment, the seminar participants are discussing an article that
compares reading strategies used by proficient and nonproficient first-language and
second-language readers. The trouble source is Tamar’s description of her difficulty
in understanding the advantage of using an authentic reading problem rather than a
planted problem in the design of the study. The repair initiation appears after two un-
successful attempts by Ellen and the professor, respectively, to address Tamar’s
difficulty.
Segment [01]
(1) TS Tamar:
((lines omitted)) Now, one thing I had trouble with she
(2)
kinda mentions in passing. She says that most research
(3)
used planted reading problems, whereas she’s using an
(4)
authentic problem, and she says there was an advantage to
(5)
it, but I couldn’t figure out wh:y. She says something
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