Pernilla Hallonsten Halling

saw-meio
speeD-work
lowpway
completely

‘As for the canoe, I finished it quickly in only one day.’

Another example is Nuu-chah-nulth (Wakashan), where

care

is found. According

to Nakayama (2001: 59), the lexical suffixes in Nuu-chah-nulth are numerous (over 400, although of very different types of meaning), but examples of property concepts are scarce in the description.
(8.30) Nuu-chah-nulth (Wakashan)(Nakayama 2001: 67)
naPa:-atah_. .
hear-trying.to.catch
‘She listened carefully.’

Cavineña (Tacanan) has what Guillaume (2008: 125) calls “aktionsart suffixes”, which “are very rich semantically and code notions that are not commonly found in the morphol- ogy of the verb in other languages, particularly European languages”. There are around 30 of these suffixes, ranging in meaning from specification of the time of day to interrup-

tion of action or direction of motion, etc. (2008: 125–126). Notions of attested.
(8.31) Cavineña (Tacanan) (Guillaume 2008: 363)
speed are also

Iji-wisha-kwe
drink-spD-imp.sg
e-na!
npf-water

‘Drink your water quickly (and let’s go)!’

Note that a potential source for -wisha as a

speed
suffix is the verb wisha ‘shake’

(2008: 203). In table 8.11, the languages with adverbial affixation and the semantic classes
attested here are listed. speed is clearly the most common type here. Ainu has both
simple Adverbs and affixation of the speed type, but no other language has affixation coinciding with simple adverbs in terms of semantic type.

Table 8.11. Languages with adverbial affixes

Language
Abau (Sepik) Ainu (isolate) Alamblak (Sepik)
Cavineña (Tacanan) Kalaallisut (Eskimo-Aleut) Nuu-chah-nulth (Wakashan) Sahaptin (Sahaptian) Urarina (isolate)
speed












value

noise

care

5.