Part 1 Answer the following questions. Avoid plagiarism! Use your own examples to illustrate your answers


Answer the following questions. Avoid plagiarism! Use your own examples to illustrate your answers



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Assignments 3 and 2 Tillabayeva Kamola Group 230

Answer the following questions. Avoid plagiarism! Use your own examples to illustrate your answers.

  1. Clarify the following constituents of the lexical meaning: denotational and connotational meaning. Support with examples.

Denotational meaning is literal, dictionary, cognitive, conceptual, referential meaning. For example, The word Dove is a Bird. My brother likes doves. Or the word Fox is an animal Foxes usually live in jungles.
Connotational meaning is figurative, associated, metaphorical, emotional meaning. For example, The word Dove expresses peace or gentility. That women is dove at heart. Or the word Fox expresses a person who is cunning or sly. He is very fox person


  1. Elaborate fully what polysemy is. Justify it with examples.

 Polysemy is characterized as the phenomenon which a single word form with two or several meanings. For example. Table this word has several meaning.

  1. Furnite

  2. Schedule

  3. Food as served particular household

  4. A company of persons assempled for mel and game



  1. Specify the following approaches to the classification of the vocabulary: paradigmatic and syntagmatic approaches. Provide examples.

There are two main types of association: (a) paradigmatic and (b) syntagmatic. Examples of paradigmatic associations are: (1) musical instrument – piano / guitar / violin / drum, and (2) vehicle – car / bus / train / plane. ‘Musical instrument’ and ‘vehicle’ are hyper-ordinates, i.e. they are names of categories which help to group together the members of the category.
All of the words in a paradigm are related semantically, so the guiding principle of association is meaning. 

Syntagmatic approaches


Syntagmatic associations, on the other hand, refer to word combinations, such as ‘play football’, ‘go shopping’, ‘film star’, ‘high temperature’, etc. These associations are based on the ways words are used and on the patterns in which they typically occur. This type of association is related to productive vocabulary use, since learners need to know possible word combinations when putting words together to form sentences.



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