Languages for intercultural communication and education



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CorbettAnInterculturalApproachtoEnglishLanguageTeachingLanguagesforInterculturalCommunicationandEducation7

Negative etiquette
If the previous two activities help learners and trainees to ‘decentre’, the
final three examples suggest ways of helping students recognise and
manage tricky intercultural encounters. As Roberts
et al
. (1992: 168–9)
observe, one humorous way to raise consciousness of cultural patterns of
behaviour is to devise rules of ‘how not to behave’ in certain situations –
effectively, a guide to ‘negative etiquette’. They offer a list showing ‘How to
Make Sure A Candidate Fails Your Interview’, a list of 17 items including:
Misuse or mispronounce the candidate’s name.
Be jokey and informal.
Do not explain the reasons behind lines of questioning.
Ignore what the candidate says and change the topic.
To show your humour/cynicism/solidarity, say the opposite of what
you mean.
The list is directed not at learners but at native-speaking interviewers,
pointing out modes of behaviour that disadvantage ethnic minority candi-
dates. However, it could also be used to indicate to learners how native
speakers behave. The ‘how not to’ format has the advantage of using
humour to identify areas that, perhaps, native speakers should modify,
and, more likely, non-native interviewees should expect. The final example
is a good case in point – to demonstrate wit, or even solidarity, a native
speaker often says the opposite of what he or she means, signalling the
irony by intonation. If a learner does not catch the intonation shift, the
ironic signal might be lost.
Similarly, in a textbook about Scotland, targeted at EFL learners, David
Maule includes the following list of ‘seven ways to annoy the Scots’ (Maule,
1989: 26–7):
(1) Use
England
instead of
Britain,
or
English
instead of
British.
(2) Use
British
instead of
Scottish
.
(3) Use
Scotch
to refer to the people.
(4) Pretend never to have heard of Robert Burns.
110
Intercultural Approaches to ELT
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(5) Say it would be better if the UK had one football team instead of
four.
(6) Talk about men wearing skirts.
(7) Imitate the local accent.
A list like this can give interesting cultural insights into the Scottish
mentality: the sensitivity about its relation with its larger southern partner
in the Union underlies the first two items. As members of a small nation, the
Scots are sometimes anxious that their individuality will be subsumed
within that of England, or in a larger British conglomerate. Items 3–6 focus
on concrete symbols of the national identity: national drink, national poet,
national football team and national dress. The selection of items here
speaks to a range of issues, such as the stereotypes of drunkenness and
masculinity which pervade Scottish culture, and the role sport plays for
small nations which are politically relatively powerless. The final item is
about the difficulties faced by an ‘outsider’ imitating an ‘insider’s accent –
is this to be interpreted by an insider as flattery ( = I wish to be identified
with you) or ridicule ( = You talk in a strange and funny way)?
Lists explaining ‘how not to behave’ can be drawn up for a range of situ-
ations and groups, based on observation and/or interviews with native
speakers (simply by asking questions like ‘what annoys you?’). Lists for
one’s home culture can also be drawn up and discussed.

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