January 25, 2003
12:16
LSC
TJ668-03
Place Attachment and Recreation Fees
37
construct. Acceptance of a fee program is likely to be contingent on both recreationists’
level and type of attachment to the specific recreation area and the intended purpose of the
generated revenue. Spending programs that coincide with an individual’s value orientation
are more likely to fall within their latitude of acceptance, near their own attitudinal reference
point, and consequently elicit support for the fee program. However, programs that conflict
with an individual’s preferences and values are more likely to fall within their latitude of
rejection or the latitude of noncommitment, and thus, face little support or opposition.
In the leisure literature, specific applications of social judgment theory have been rare
despite its potential for assisting researchers and managers to better understand leisure be-
havior. While the theory is regarded as seminal to understanding the involvement construct
(see Selin & Howard, 1988) and its relatives (e.g., psychological commitment, specializa-
tion, fan loyalty, etc.), its application as a predictor of leisure behavior remains scant. Our
review of the leisure literature revealed only one citation. Young, Williams, and Roggenbuck
(1990) attempted to examine the relationship between recreationists’ level of involvement
with a recreation area and their perceptions of acceptable social wilderness conditions.
Their results, while inconclusive, did hint at the notion that recreationists’ level of involve-
ment influenced their perceptions of acceptable social conditions encountered in wilderness.
Other studies in the social psychology literature using the social judgment framework typ-
ically instruct respondents to categorize a variety of “arguments” that would represent a
range of positions pertaining to a particular issue (see Johnson, Lin, Symons, Campbell,
& Ekstein, 1995). These categorizations are then used to estimate latitudinal width. In this
study, we provided respondents with 12 potential expenditure items and instructed them to
report their level of support for the spending of fee revenue along a five-point scale that
included “strongly support,” “support,” “neutral,” “oppose,” and “strongly oppose.” In so
doing, we were able to identify subjects’ attitudinal position or anchor situated within their
latitudes of acceptance, rejection, or noncommitment and from which their evaluations of
potential management action were made. While this is not a thorough examination of social
judgment theory in the traditional sense, it does provide a sound conceptual framework for
understanding the relationship between the attitudinal variables examined in this study.
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