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Here I would like to address the life of Ilya Fondaminsky (born in 1880). He was born
into a prosperous merchant family and married in his youth to the granddaughter of the
millionaire tea trader V. Y. Vysotsky, yet he nonetheless joined the Socialist Revolutionaries
(SRs) and sacrificed a large part of his wealth and his wife’s inheritance to the revolution by
buying weaponry. He worked towards the outbreak of the All-Russian political strike in 1905
and during the uprising he served in the headquarters of the SRs. He emigrated from Russia to
Paris in 1906, where he became close to D. Merezhkovsky and Z. Gippius and developed an
interest in Christianity.
He returned to St. Petersburg in April 1917. In the summer of 1917
he was the commissar
of the Black Sea Fleet, and later a delegate in the Constituent Assembly, fleeing after it was
disbanded. From 1919 he lived in Paris, France, during the period under discussion. He devoted
much time and effort to
Sovremennye Zapiski, including publication of a series of articles titled
The Ways of Russia. He played an active role in emigrant cultural life and provided all possible
support to Russian writers and poets. For a while he even managed to maintain a Russian theatre
in Paris. His passion, many-sidedness, energy and selflessness were without parallel among
emigrants.He estranged himself from the SRs and joined the Christian Democrats. Along with
the like-minded G. P. Fedotov and F. A. Stepun he began to publish the Christian Democratic
Novy Grad [New City]. He grew ever closer to Orthodoxy during these years. In June 1940 he
fled Paris from the advancing German forces, but came back and was arrested in July 1941and
sent to Compiegne camp near Paris; by some accounts, he converted to Christianity there. In
1942 he was deported to Auschwitz and killed.
Between 1920 and 1924, the most important forum for purely Jewish issues was the Paris
weekly
Jewish Tribune, published in both French and Russian with the prominent participation
of M. M. Vinaver and S. B. Pozner. It published articles by many of the aforementioned
journalists from other newspapers.
Novoe Russkoe Slovo [New Russian Word] was founded in 1910 in the United States and
added its voice from across the ocean. Its publisher from 1920 was V. I. Shimkin and the main
editor (from 1922) was M. E. Veinbaum. Veinbaum remembered: The newspaper was often
criticised, and not without reason. But gradually it earned the reader’s confidence. Its masthead
now proudly boasts: “the oldest Russian newspaper in the world”; it is even two years older than
Pravda. All the others
have died out at various times, for various reasons.
Right-wing or nationalist Russian newspapers appeared in Sofia, Prague, and even
Suvorin’s
Novoe Vremya [New Times] continued in Belgrade as
Vechernee Vremya [Evening
Times], but they all either collapsed or withered away without leaving a lasting contribution.
(The publisher of
Rus in Sofia was killed.) The Paris
Vozrozhdenie of Yu. Semenov did not shirk
from
anti-Semitic outbursts, but not under Struve’s short reign.
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