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Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In 1919 in Kiev, the official
Soviet press provided texts
in three languages — Russian, Ukrainian and Yiddish.
The Bolsheviks used these pogroms in Ukraine to their enormous advantage, they
extremely skillfully exploited the pogroms in order to influence public opinion in Russia and
abroad in many Jewish and non-Jewish circles in Europe and America. Yet the Reds had the
finger in the pie as well — and they were actually the first ones to slaughter Jews. In the spring
of 1918, units of the Red Army, retreating from Ukraine, perpetrated pogroms using the slogan
“Strike the Yids and the bourgeoisie.” The most atrocious pogroms were carried out by the First
Cavalry Army during its retreat from Poland in the end of August 1920.
Yet historical awareness of the pogroms carried out by the Red Army during the Civil
War has been rather glossed over. Only a few condemning voices have spoken on the topic.
Pasmanik wrote: “During the first winter of Bolshevik rule, the Red troops fighting under the red
banner carried
out several bloody pogroms, most notable of which were pogroms in Glukhov and
Novgorod-Siverskiy. By number of victims, deliberate brutality, torture and abuse, those two had
eclipsed even the Kalush massacre. Retreating before the advancing Germans, the Red troops
were destroying Jewish settlements on their route.”
S. Maslov is also quite clear: “The march of the Budyonny’s Cavalry Army during its
relocation from the Polish to the Crimean Front was marked by thousands of murdered Jews,
thousands of raped women and dozens of utterly razed and looted Jewish settlements. In
Zhytomyr, each new authority inaugurated
its rule with a pogrom, and
often repeatedly after each
time the city changed hands again. The feature of all those pogroms — by Petliura’s troops, the
Poles, or the Soviets — was the large number of killed.” The Bogunskiy and Taraschanskiy
regiments stood out in particular (though those two having come over to Budyonny from the
Directorate); allegedly, those regiments were disarmed because of the pogroms and the
instigators were hanged.
The above-cited socialist S. Schwartz concludes from his historical standpoint (1952):
“During the revolutionary period, particularly during the Civil War, anti-Semitism has grown
extraordinarily and, especially in the South, spread extensively in the broad masses of the urban
and rural population.”
Alas, the resistance of the Russian population to the Bolsheviks (without which we
wouldn’t have a right to call ourselves a people) had faltered and took wrong turns in many
ways, including on the Jewish issue. Meanwhile the Bolshevik regime was touting the Jews and
they were joining it, and the Civil War was more and more broadening that chasm between Reds
and Whites. If the revolution in general has cleared Jewry of suspicion in counter-revolutionary
attitude, the counter-revolution has suspected all Jewry of being pro-revolutionary. And thus, the
Civil War became an unbearable torment for Jewry, further consolidating them on the wrong
revolutionary positions, and so they failed to recognize the genuine redemptive essence of the
White armies.
Let’s not overlook the general situation during the Civil War. It was literally a chaos
which released unbridled anarchy across Russia. Anybody who wanted and was able to rob and
kill was robbing and killing whoever he wanted. Officers of the Russian Army were massacred
in the hundreds and thousands by bands of mutinous rabble. Entire families of landowners were
murdered, estates were burned; valuable pieces of art were pilfered and destroyed in some places
in manors all living things including livestock were exterminated. Mob rule spread terror on the
streets of cities. Owners of plants and factories were driven out of their enterprises and
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dwellings. Tens of thousands people all over Russia were shot for the glory of the proletarian
revolution others rotted in stinking and vermin-infested prisons as hostages.
It was not a crime or personal actions that put a man under the axe but his affiliation with
a certain social stratum or class. It would be an absolute miracle if, under conditions when whole
human groups were designated for extermination, the group named “Jews” remained exempt.
The curse of the time was that it was possible to declare an entire class or a tribe evil. So,
condemning an entire social class to destruction is called revolution, yet to kill and rob Jews is
called a pogrom? The Jewish pogrom in the South of Russia was a component of the All-Russian
pogrom.
Such was the woeful acquisition of all the peoples of Russia, including the Jews, after the
successful attainment of equal rights, after the splendid Revolution of March 1917, that both the
general sympathy of Russian Jews toward the Bolsheviks and the developed
attitude of the White
forces toward Jews eclipsed and erased the most important benefit of a possible White victory —
the sane evolution of the Russian state.