3
Annotatsiya
Ushbu
o‘quv
qo‘llanmada
xonalarda
audiosignallarni
akustik
xarakteristikalarini
hisoblash,
tovush
yutuvchi
materiallar
va
ularning
konstruksiyalari, ovoz yozish studiyalari reverberatsiya vaqti chastota tavsifining
akustik hisobi, tovush kuchaytirish va ovozlashtirish tizimlariga qo‘yilgan talablar,
xona akustikasining statistik nazariyasi, akustik nisbat va ekvivalent reverbiratsiya,
yopiq inshootlarda audiosignallarni akustik
tarqalish usul va qurilmalari, audio
ma’lumotlarni kodlash uchun samarali neyro-tarmoq texnologiyalarni tahlil qilish,
audio ma’lumotlarni siqishda neyroprotsessor va neyrokompyuterlarni qo‘llashni
zamonaviy samaradorligini baholashlar yetarli darajada yoritilgan.
O‘quv
qo‘llanma
oliy
ta’lim
muassasalarining
“5A351001-
Audiotexnologiyalar” magistrant ta’lim yo‘nalishi talabalariga mo‘ljallangan
bo‘lib, shuningdek unda Radioeshittirish fanini o‘rganishda ham foydalanishi
mumkin.
Annotatsiya
V uchebnom posobii privedenы sluxovыm akusticheskim
xarakteristikam
zvukopogloщayuщix materialov i konstruksiy, studiya zvukozapisi vremeni
chastotnogo reverberatsii akusticheskix xarakteristik sistem ucheta, zvukousileniya i
rechi
trebovaniya,
akustika
pomeщeniy,
ekvivalentnыx
sootnosheniyam
statisticheskoy teorii akusticheskix i reverberatsii, raspredelenie zvukovыx
akusticheskoy pomeщenii metodы i ustroystva, effektivnыe neyrosetevыe texnologii
dlya kodirovaniya audiodannыx, audio izvestno effektivnost ispolzovaniya
neyroprotsessora i neyrokompyutera pri sjatii.
Uchebnoe posobie prednaznacheno dlya magistrantov vыsshix obrazovatelnыx
uchrejdeniy, obuchayuщixsya po napravleniyu obrazovaniya «5A351001-
Audiotexnologii», a takje litsam zainteresovannыx v oblasti radioveщaniya.
SUMMARY
The training manual shows the acoustical characteristics
of sound-absorbing
materials and structures, the recording studio of the frequency of the frequency
reverberation of the acoustic characteristics
of the accounting systems, sound
reinforcement and speech requirements, the acoustics of premises equivalent to the
statistical acoustic and reverberation relations, the distribution
of sound acoustic
room methods and devices, effective neural network technologies for encoding
audio data, audio is known for the efficiency of using the neuroprocessor and the
neur Compressive computer.
The manual is intended for undergraduates of higher
educational institutions
studying in the direction of education "5A351001- Audio Technologies", as well as
to persons interested in broadcasting.
6
4.5. Akustik tebranish tizimi ................................................................................ 95
5 bob. Mikrofonlar ................................................................................................ 100
5.1. Mikrofonlarning klassifikatsiyalari va texnik tavsiflari ............................. 100
5.2. Mikrofon - elektromexanik o‘zgartirgich ................................................... 109
5.4. Mikrofon - tovush qabul qilgich ................................................................. 110
5.4. G‘altakli elektrodinamik mikrofon ............................................................. 117
5.5. Tasmali mikrofon ........................................................................................ 123
5.6. Kondensatorli va elektretli mikrofonlar ..................................................... 127
5.7. Elektr kombinatsiyalangan mikrofonlar ..................................................... 130
5.8. Tovush signallarini qabul qiluvchi o‘tkir yo‘naltirilgan mikrofonlar ........ 133
5.9. Radiomikrofonlar ........................................................................................ 136
5.10. Mikrofonli stereofonik tizimlar ................................................................ 137
5.11. Mikrofonlarni ishlatish xususiyatlari ........................................................ 140
6 bob. Radiokarnaylar ........................................................................................... 150
6.1. Radiokarnaylarning asosiy texnik tavsiflari ............................................... 150
6.2. Nurlatgich turlari ......................................................................................... 152
6.3. Chiziqli guruh nurlatgichlari ....................................................................... 159
6.4. Diffuzorli radiokarnaylar ............................................................................ 162
6.5. Elektrodinamik radiokarnaylarda nochiziqli buzilishlar ............................ 169
6.6. Elektrodinamik radiokarnaylarda chastotaviy buzilishlar .......................... 171
6.7. To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nurlatuvchi radiokarnaylarning chastota diapazonini
kengaytirish usullari ........................................................................................... 173
6.8. Ruporli radiokarnaylar ................................................................................ 179
6.9. Kondensatorli radiokarnaylar ..................................................................... 184
6.10. Akustik tizimlar ........................................................................................ 186
7 bob. Arxitektura akustikasi asoslari ................................................................... 190
7.1 Arxitektura akustikasining rivojlanish tarixi ............................................... 190
7.2 Zamonaviy teatr, konsert zallari va studiyalar............................................. 192
7.3 Xona akustikasining statistik nazariyasi ...................................................... 213
7.4 Akustik nisbat va ekvivalent reverberatsiya ................................................ 219
7.6.Radioeshittirish va televidenie studiyalari ................................................... 220
8 bob. Audio signallarga raqamli ishlov berish .................................................... 235
8.1. Ovozli ma’lumotni kanal asosida, kompozitsiyali harmonik so‘lashuvchi va
nutq so‘zlovchilarining lineer so‘zlashuvi, afzalliklari, kamchiliklari va ilovalari
............................................................................................................................ 235
8.2. Nutq signallarini ko‘p impulsli kodlash (MPLPC — Multi-Pulse LPC) ... 237
8.3. Audio ma’lumotlarni kodlashda uchun neyrotarmoqli texnologiyalar taxlili.
Audioma’lumotlarni siqish uchun neyroprotsessor va neyrokompyuterlarning
ishlatish samaradorligini zamonaviy baholash .................................................. 240
Adabiyotlar ro‘yxati .............................................................................................. 244
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