7.6.1
comparison between memoryless circuits and phasor equivalent circuits
1. The sources and circuit variables in a memoryless circuit are, in general, functions of time. DC
resistive circuits form a sub-class of memoryless circuits in which all sources are constant-valued.
The source functions and circuit variables in a phasor equivalent circuit are phasors which are
complex amplitudes of complex exponential functions of a common format e
j
w
t
, where
w
is the
angular frequency of all sinusoidal sources active in the circuit. A phasor equivalent circuit can
be drawn only if all sources are of the same frequency in that circuit. If a dynamic circuit contains
sinusoidal sources with different frequencies, phasor equivalent circuits for different frequencies
have to be prepared separately and superposition principle has to be used to combine the solution
from various phasor equivalent circuits. Thus a phasor equivalent circuit prepared for a particular
value of
w
is similar to a memoryless circuit driven by constant sources. The difference is that, in
phasor equivalent circuit the constant sources are complex-valued whereas in memoryless circuit
the constant sources are real-valued. Similarly, all circuit variables in a phasor equivalent circuit
are complex-valued constant quantities in time whereas they are real-valued constant quantities in
time in the case of a DC memoryless circuit. Indeed, all the circuit variables in a dynamic circuit
under sinusoidal steady-state are varying in time; but this time-variation has been absorbed in the
term e
j
w
t
which is a common factor in all circuit variables and which is suppressed in the phasor
equivalent circuit.
2. The only passive element permitted in the memoryless circuit is the resistor. The voltage across
a resistor is proportional to current through it with proportionality constant that is real-valued.
Dependent sources with source functions of the form y
=
kx, where x is the controlling variable,
y is the controlled variable and k is a real-valued proportionality constant, are allowed in a
memoryless circuit. Thus, we see that, all the elements permitted to be present in such a circuit
(except independent sources) can only scale (i.e., result in a multiplication by a constant) circuit
variables. The resulting circuit equations will be simultaneous algebraic equations tying up all
the instantaneous voltage and current variables (real-valued constant quantities in the case of DC
excitation) in the circuit.
3. All kinds of linear passive elements, including dependent sources of the type y
=
k
1
x
+
k
2
x
′ +
k
3
x
′ +
..., where primed variable indicates derivatives, are permitted in a dynamic circuit. However,
once a phasor equivalent circuit using phasor impedances or phasor admittances for the elements
is constructed, only scaling of phasors through impedances and admittances can take place in
the circuit. The resulting circuit equations will be simultaneous algebraic equations tying up
the various phasor voltage and phasor current values (complex-valued constant quantities for a
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