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Therefore, a line joining the end-of-cycle energy values in the energy versus time diagram will



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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

Therefore, a line joining the end-of-cycle energy values in the energy versus time diagram will 
have a slope that is equal to the average value of instantaneous power over a cycle. 
example: 6.3-4
v(t
=
10

2 sin t V is applied to a 10 
W
resistor from t 
=
0 onwards. Plot p(t) and E(t) for 

0.


Instantaneous Power in Periodic Waveforms 
6.17
Solution
The waveform of p(t) is obtained by squaring the waveform of v(t) and dividing by 10. E(t) is obtained 
by integrating (i.e., evaluating the area under p(t) curve) the power waveform. Therefore,
p t
t
t
t
E t
t dt
t
t
( )
sin
cos
( )
[
cos ]
=
= −

=

+ =

20
10 10
2
0
10 10
2
0 10
2
0
for
−−
5
2
sin
t
Therefore, the instantaneous power has a frequency that is double that of the frequency of voltage. 
Moreover, p(t) contains a DC component. The plots of p(t) and E(t) are shown in Fig. 6.3-5 for 0 

t 

4
p
s.
The cycle period of power waveform is 
p
s. The values of E(t) at integer multiples of cycle period of 
power waveform are joined by a dotted line as shown in Fig. 6.3-5. This line turns out to be a straight 
line with a slope of 10 W. The average value of p(t) over one cycle of 
p
s is also 10 W, as shown in the 
following derivation:
Average of
over a cycle
Area of 
over 
p t
p t
( )
( )
=
a cycle 
period of cycle
=

=


(
cos )
sin
10 10
2
10
5
2
0
0
t dt
t
p
p
p
p
==
10W
The energy function in this example too is a 
monotonically increasing function of time. Example 6.3-5 
considers a situation in which the energy function is not 
monotonic on t.

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