II. Zamonaviy fan va ta’lim-tarbiya: muammo, yechim, natija http://interscience.uz/ 283
epics, this is the film for you; Another solution would be to...; Despite of that...I would recommend...; No matter how..., they mustn't ...; We propose to,..; This will have the effect of..; In order to avoid.../cause the least damage to...make the most of...; etc. Aniqlashtirib olish maqsadida savollar (asking for an opinion, information):
What do you think about this matter? What's your idea about this? What makes you think so? How do you know? Where is the clue? Do you think you will...? I would like to know if/whether... ? I would appreciate it if you could give me further details about...; etc. Emotsional reaksiyalar (emotional reactions): That's rather strange, awful, nice; Brilliant;
Excellent; Just on the contrary; etc.
Prioritetni anglatuvchi jumlalar (phrases expressing priorities):
What I would like to do is to...; I can 7 think of anything more satisfying than...; What's really important to me is to...; For me, the (next) most important thing would be to...; etc. 3-guruhdagi til manbalari muhokama qilinayotgan mavzuni umumlashtirish, unga yakuniy xulosa
berishga qaratilgan. Polilog qatnashchilari barcha aytilgan fikrlarni jamlash, qisqacha bayon qilish va u
asosida yakuniy xulosa chiqarish malakasiga ega bo‘lishlari kerak.
Umumlashtirish (link words: adding points, reporting conclusions):
On the whole; In general; Summing up all you've just said; Let's come to a conclusion; After all I mean; In addition...; On top of that; To make matters worse; To sum up; In conclusion; All things considered, we feel that..; etc. 4-hafta o‘quvchilarga kitob o‘qish, ya’ni badiiy adabiyot o‘qish vazifa qilib beriladi. So‘ngra darsda matn
bilan ishlash texnikasi tushuntiriladi va qo‘yidagicha mashqlar bajariladi.
Xayns Lemmerman o‘zining “Uroki ritoriki i debatov” kitobida nutqni mashq qildirishga oid 10
ta asosiy mashqlar keltiradi. Ular nutq ko‘nikmalarini hosil qiluvchi oddiydan murakkabgacha bo‘lgan
nutq mashqlarini o‘z ichiga oladi va fikrni erkin ifodalashga xizmat qiladi.
1.
Matn o‘qish. Gazeta maqolasini vaqti-vaqti bilan tinglovchilarga ko‘z tashlab baland ovozda
o‘qing. Ko‘z tashlash orqali auditoriyada erkin nutq so‘zlash darajasiga erishing. Bunda doimo katta
bo‘lmagan parchalarni o‘qib ularni yodda saqlash lozim. Baland ovozda o‘qish nutqni idrok etishga
tayyorlashda eng yaxshi mashq turidir, unda fikrlar so‘zlardan birmuncha ilgarilab ketadi.
2.
Ma’nosini yetkazish. 5–10 ta gapdan iborat bo‘lgan parchani o‘qing, uni aynan quyidagicha
gapirib bering:
Iloji boricha so‘zma-so‘z (detallarni eslab qolishga harakat qiling) yoki o‘z so‘zlaringiz bilan
(o‘zingiz mustaqil nutq tuzing).
Not all that Mrs. Bennet, however, with the assistance of her five daughters, could ask on the subject, was sufficient to draw from her husband any satisfactory description of Mr. Bingley. They attacked him in various ways—with barefaced questions, ingenious suppositions, and distant surmises; but he eluded the skill of them all, and they were at last obliged to accept the second-hand intelligence of their neighbour, Lady Lucas. Her report was highly favourable. Sir William had been delighted with him. He was quite young, wonderfully handsome, extremely agreeable, and, to crown the whole, he meant to be at the next assembly with a large party. Nothing could be more delightful! To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love; and very lively hopes of Mr. Bingley's heart were entertained. 3.
Nutqni idrok etish. Erkin nutqni yuzaga keltirishga nima xizmat qiladi? maqolalarni o‘qish
ham emas, ularni yodlab olish ham emas, balki kalit so‘zlarni va nutqni idrok etish asosidagi nutqni
shakllantirish mashqlarini doimiy bajarishdir. Nutqni idrok etish deganda biz nutq va idrok o‘rtasidagi
o‘zaro bog‘liqlikni tushunamiz: nutq chog‘ida fikrni, fikrlash jarayonida nuqning yuzaga kelishidir.
Amalda esa bu fikrning tayanch qismini kalit so‘zlar tashkil etadi degan ma’noni bildiradi.
Kalit so‘zlar oratorga tafakkurga oid (impuls) turtki beradi ,bu esa unga nutqni shakllantirib, fikrni
yuzaga keltirishga yordam beradi.
Misol uchun:
An invitation to dinner was soon afterwards dispatched; and already had Mrs. Bennet planned the courses that were to do credit to her housekeeping, when an answer arrived which deferred it all. Mr. Bingley was obliged to be in town the following day, and, consequently, unable to accept the honour of their invitation, etc. Bu jumla kalit so‘zlar yordamida boshqacha tuzilishi ham mumkin. Buni orator uchun foydali
tomoni shundan iboratki, u jumlani emas, balki kalit so‘zlarni yodda tutishi kerak. U xuddi shu ma’nodan
qayta-qayta yangi jumlalar tuzishi zarur. Orator so‘zlayotib keyingi jumlaning kalit so‘zlariga ko‘z qirini
