Strategy for agricultural transformation in africa



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Feed Africa- Strategy for Agricultural Transformation in Africa 2016-2025 (1)

THE 
IMPERATIVE 
FOR 

TRANSFORMATION 
OF 
AFRICAN 
AGRICULTURE - THE CHALLENGES FACING AGRICULTURAL 
TRANSFORMATION
1.1
 
Agriculture remains an integral part of the African economy and the daily lives 
of the majority of Africans, accounting for just over 60% of jobs across the continent.
6
Despite its central role, the agriculture sector represents only a quarter of African GDP
7

ranging from 3% of GDP in Botswana to almost 50% in Chad, the Central African Republic, 
and Sierra Leone
8
, due to the low productivity of the sector. Since 1990, cereal yields have 
increased by 164% in Brazil, 81% in Uruguay, 69% in Chile, and by 43% in Malaysia, while 
average African cereal yields grew by less than 40%. As a result, Africa’s yields are only 56% 
of the international average,
9
and the private sector infrastructure beyond production – 
especially in upstream activities such as seed and fertilizer distribution, as well as downstream 
activities such as dry and cold storage and agro-processing – remains relatively 
underdeveloped. 
1.2 
Recent natural resource price volatility has created an acute need for African 
economies to diversify their sources of foreign exchange earnings, making the potential 
for driving agriculture sector growth increasingly important to realize. 
In recent years
while commodity prices were relatively high – particularly minerals of which Africa is home 
to a third of the world’s reserves – Africa was a particularly fast growing region with average 
annual growth around 5%.
10
However, the recent decline of natural resource prices contributed 
to at least ten African currencies losing more than 10% of their value in 2014. There is now an 
acute need for African economies to diversify their sources of foreign exchange earnings
especially into less volatile markets such as agricultural commodities and food. Africa’s 
economic growth has not been sustainable and, in some cases, previous gains have been lost 
because of the historic dependence on raw commodity trade. Agriculture is a good option for 
the required diversification, as it exhibits lower price volatility and the continent has substantial 
undeveloped amount of the necessary endowments.

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