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Mechanical Engineering
259
of clothing. With the advent of efficient technologies and materials, new features and design of
clothing, the set of terms of insulating properties is formed, based on the specified properties.
Thermal insulation non-woven materials led to the appearance of new materials with specified
properties. For example, with membrane thermo and moisture-repellent tissues of the top and
lining fabrics, which contribute to the holding of a certain temperature range and humidity.
For several decades, the production of nonwoven materials turned into one of the fastest
growing and innovative industries. The scope of use of nonwoven materials is continuously
expanding, covering more and more new areas of human life. New opportunities for such rapid
development are determined by the previously achieved results, i.e. Improving and modifying
already developed technologies and developed equipment. Another factor due to intensive
progress in this area, serve revolutionary ideas that are often borrowed from related and even
remote industries and implemented in the form of fundamentally new technologies for the
production of non-woven materials with specific structural features and unique complexes of
properties that open their way into previously inaccessible areas practical application.
This work is devoted to the study of natural silk waste processing techniques in
nonwoven materials, as well as the study of the physico-mechanical properties of the materials
obtained based on them. When developing materials in order to reduce production costs and
increasing ecology into the mixture, fibrous waste of silk industries is added. The use of
secondary silk fibers will reduce the cost of cheese when producing non-woven materials. As a
preliminary experiment, there was a comparison of nonwoven materials containing primary and
secondary fibers. Comparison of the strength properties of single silk fibers of various
production waste showed the similarity of indicators of physico-mechanical properties. A
significant difference between secondary silk fibers was expressed only in the length of the
fibers. In this regard, in the course of further research, it was decided to use natural silk waste,
Wat Sadir. To improve the efficiency and reproducibility of experiments, the method of
mathematical planning was used./10/
We investigated the physico-mechanical properties of non-woven materials obtained by
the thermopressive / 11-13 method / from natural silk wastes (cotton swirl), lavsan and viscose
fibers, mixtures of natural silk waste with viscose and lavsan fibers. As a binder in materials, the
most common polymer adhesives were used; Powder polyethylene low-density brand 168-070
brand and powder polypropylene brand 210030-10 obtained by a ipo-deformation method,
powder glue based on high density polyethylene; Polyamide-based powder glue / 14-17 /. It
should be noted that this mechanism of overforming grinding is fundamentally different from the
classical crushing mechanism underlying the industrial production of organic and inorganic
powder materials. According to this technology of the ipo-deformation method of grinding, you
can get more finely dispersed powders with a narrow particle size distribution and an average
size of 25-50 μm, with smaller specific energy costs (50-200 kW per ton of powder). The method
is also successfully used to convert a number of natural polymers into fine powders, which
allows you to preserve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the source materials
and give them new technological properties - the ability to recycle them into new products. In all
the resulting non-woven materials, the content of the binder was equally and amounted to 40
wt.%.
Upon receipt of non-woven materials, the pieces of 25-35 mm wool-swing, sliced
lavasan (linear density 0.17 tex, average length 35 mm) and viscose (linear density 0.31 tex,
average length 38 mm) fibers. When working with mixtures, first was thoroughly stirred in the
desired ratio, natural silk wastes with lavsane fibers or viscose. The mixtures were then formated
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