20
b)
Hayvon, o’simlik, hashorotlar nomi:
Singular:
Plural:
One
dog – bitta it
One
rose – bir dona atirgul
One
bee – bir ari
Two
dog
s
– 2 ta it
Two
rose
s –
2 dona atirgul
Two
bee
s –
2 ta ari
c)
O’z shakli va hajmiga ega bo’lgn narsa- predmetlar:
Singular:
Plural:
A
house – bir uy
A
room – bir xona
A
car – bir mashina
Two
house
s
– 2 ta uy
Two
room
s –
2 ta xona
Two
car
s
– 2 ta
mashina
d)
Jamiyatdagi kichik birliklar:
Singular:
Plural:
A
family – bir oila
A
country – bir mamlakat
A
language – bitta til
Two
famili
es
– 2 ta oila
Two
countri
es –
2 ta mamlakat
Two
language
s
– 2 ta til
e)
O’lchov birliklari:
Singular:
Plural:
One
inch – bir qarich
One
meter – bir metr
One
liter – bir litr
One
food – bir qadam
Two
inch
es –
ikki qarich
Two
metres – ikki metr
Two
litres – ikki litr
Two
feet – ikki qadam
f)
Suyuqlik, aralashma, gaz, kukunlarning idishlari:
Singular:
Plural:
One
bottle – bir shisha
One
tube –
One
jar – bir banka
Two
bottle
s
– ikki shisha
Two
tube
s -
Two
jar
s
– ikki banka
g)
Ba’zi bir mavhum birliklar:
Singular:
Plural:
One
idea – bir g’oya
One
plan – bir reja
One
invention – bir ixtiro
Two
idea
s
– 2 ta g’oya
Two
plan
s –
2 ta reja
Two
invention
s –
2 ta ixtiro
Sanashimiz mumkin bo’lmagan yoki sanashning iloji bo’lmagan otlar-
Sanalmaydigan otlardir:
Water – suv Air - havo
Rice – gurunch Hair - soch
1) Mayda zarrachalardan tashkil topgan narsalar sanalmaydi:
Rice – gurunch sugar – shakar sand - qum
2) Har qanday turdagi oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari sanalmaydi:
Bread - non meat – go’sht butter – sariyog’
3) Har qanday turdagi qurilish materiallari sanalmaydi:
Iron – temir wood – yog’och stone - tosh
4) Suyuqliklar sanalmaydi:
Oil – yog’ tea – choy milk - sut
5) Tabiat qonunlariga ko’ra bir turdan boshqa turga aylanganda sanalmaydi:
Water (suv) - ice (muz) – steam (bug’)
21
Wood (yog’och) – smoke (tutun)- ashes (kul)
6) Til va fan nomlari sanalmaydi:
English, Russian, History, Physics
7) O’z shakli va hajmiga ega bo’lgan narsa- predmetlarning umumiy nomini
bildirgan otlar sanalmaydi:
Clothing ( a coat, a shirt, a hat…)
Money ( a soum, a dollar, a euro, a rupee…)
Jewely ( an earring, a ring, a neck lace…)
Furniture ( a chair, a case, a sofa…)
8)
–ance, -ence, -ness, -ship, -ty
qo’shimchalari bilan tugagan otlar sanalmaydi:
Ignorance - nodonlik Beauty - chiroy
Difference - farq Cleverness - aqlli
Friendship - do’stlik
9) –ing qo’shimchasi bilan tugagan otlar sanalmaydi:
Shopping- harid Learning- ta’lim
§. Quyidagi otlar sanalmaydi:
Accommodation - turar joy Courage - jur’at
Advice - maslahat Soup - sho’rva
Baggage - yuk
Money - pul
Behaviour - hulq-atvor Poetry - nazm, she’riyat
Bread - non Poverty - kambag’allik
Chaos - tartibsizlik Measles - kasallik, o’lat
Damage - zarar Mumps - tepki (kasallik)
Furniture - mebel Jewelry - taqinchoq
Information - axborot Toast - qoq non
Luck - omad Sugar - qand, shakar
Luggage - yuk Сorn - makkajo’xori
News - yangilik Meat - go’sht
Permission - ruhsat Food - ovqat
Progress - taraqqiyot
Soap - sovun
Scenery - manzara Sand - qum
Weather - ob-havo Homework - uy vazifa
Traffic - yo’l harakati Wind - shamol
Work - ish Thunder - mo’maqaldiroq
Anger - g’azab Lighting - chaqmoq
Ammo, ba’zi sanalmaydigan otlarni qismlarga, bo’laklarga ajratib sanash
mumkin. Bunda ham sanalmaydigan otlar emas, ularni qismlarga ajratuvchi
qismigina sanaladi:
A piece of bread- two piece
s
of bread
A slice of bread- two slice
s
of bread
A loaf of bread- two loave
s
of bread
A piece of advice- two piece
s
of advice
A piece of information- two piece
s
of information
A piece of furniture- two piece
s
of furniture
A piece of news- two piece
s
of news
A piece of jewelry- two piece
s
of jewelry
A piece of equipment- two piece
s
of equipment
A piece of toast- two piece
s
of toast
A lump of sugar- two lump
s
of sugar
An ear of corn- two ear
s
of corn
A bar of soup- two bar
s
of soup
22
A bar of chocolate- two bar
s
of chocolate
A gust of wind- two gust
s
of wind
A clap of thunder- two clap
s
of thunder
A bolt of lighting- two bolt
s
of lighting
NOTE 1:
Ingliz tilida
“reklama”
so’zi
ADVERTISEMENT
va
ADVERTISING
so’zlari
orqali ifodalanadi
. Advertisement - sanaladigan ot
Advertising - sanalmaydigan ot
Count noun;
Uncount noun;
There
are many
advertisement
s
in the
paper today – bugungi gazetada
ko’plab reklamalar bor
There
is much
advertising
×
in the
paper today – bugungi gazetada
ko’plab reklamalar bor
NOTE 2: Food (oziq-ovqat), meat (go’sht), money (pul), sand (qum) otlari
umumiy ma’noda kelganda sanalmaydi. Ammo, ularning bir nechta turlari
nazarda tutilsa, bu otlar sanaladi:
Uncount noun:
Count noun:
×
Food
is
necessary to live – ovqat-
yashash uchun kerak
×
Money
is
not everything – pul-
qo’lning kiri
There is
one of the foods
which the
doctor adviced me to eat – bu yerda
doctor menga tavsiya qilgan
taomlardan biri bor
There
are
money
s
on the table: the
soum, the dollar, the euro, the rupee –
stolda pul bor: so’m, dollar, yevro va
rupe
NOTE 3: “hair” so’zi “soch” ma’nosida sanalmaydi va artikllar
qo’llanmaydi:
Sarah has long hair – Saraning uzun sochi bor
Ammo, “hair” so’zi “bir tola soch” ma’nosida sanaladi va oldidan noaniq
artikl qo’llanadi:
There is a hair in the cup – piyolaga bir tola soch bor
NOTE 4: “Noise” so’zi “shovqin” ma’nosida sanalmaydi va artikllar
qo’llanmaydi:
I can’t sleep here. There is much noise – men bu yerda uxlay olmayman. Bu yer juda
shovqin
Ammo, “noise” so’zi “baqiriq, baqirgan ovoz” ma’nosida sanaladi va
oldidan noaniq artikl qo’llanadi:
I heard a noise in the street yesterday – kecha men ko’chada baqirgan ovozni eshitdim
§.
Ba’zi otlar gapda anglatadigan ma’nosiga qarab ham sanaladigan, ham
sanalmaydigan otlar guruhiga kiradi:
Uncount nouns:
Count nouns:
1) Time – vaqt
I have no
×
time – mening vaqtim
yo’q
1)
A time - zamon, davr, payt
In
the
old times, people lived in the caws
– qadimda odamlar g’orlarda
yashashgan
a time - marta
I read this book
2
time
s
– men bu kitobni
2 marta o’qiganman