Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов

; 
or
... 
either
; 
either
... 
or
, etc., the 
disjunctive adverbs 
else, otherwise, or... or, or... else, 
in older English 
other else
.
3. Adversative, connecting two members, but contrasting their meaning: 
but, 
but then, only, still, yet, and yet, however, on the other hand, again, on the 
contrary, 
etc. 
4. Causal, adding an independent proposition explaining the preceding 
statement, represented only by the single conjunction 
for
: 
The brook was very 
high, for a great deal of rain had fallen over night. 
5. Illative, introducing an inference, conclusion, consequence, result: 
namely, therefore, on that account, consequently, accordingly, for that reason, so, 
then, hence, 
etc. 
6. Explanatory, connecting words, phrases or sentences and introducing an 
explanation or a particularisation: 
namely, to wit, that is, that is to say, or, such as, 
as, like, for example, for instance, say, let us say, 
etc. 

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105
3. Complex Sentences 
Complex sentences 
are structures of subordination with two or more 
immediate constituents which are not syntactically equivalent. In the simplest case, 
that of binary structure, one of them is the principal clause to which the other is 
joined as a subordinate. The latter stands in the relation of adjunct to the principal 
clause and is beneath the principal clause in rank.
The semantic relations that can be expressed by subordination are much 
more numerous and more varied than with co-ordination: all such relations as time, 
place, concession, purpose, etc. are expressly stated in complex sentences only. 
To express subordination of one syntactic unit to another in a complex 
sentence English uses the following means: