Maiju Gebhard and Maija Kokko compared
the working time in an old, unplanned kitchen with the time spent
carrying out the same tasks in the same kitchen after it had been planned and equipped with efficient furnishings
and utensils. The location of storage space had also been improved.
The first prerequisite for easing household work in the countryside was plumbing. A hot water supply was
also important. As the dishwasher was a mere news topic from America at the time, Maiju Gebhard saw three
ways of making dishwashing easier. The first was to make less dishes by using attractive cookware, in which
the meal could also be served.
Another way was to arrange dishwashing as practically as possible by making space
for dirty dishes, using
good washtubs and hot water, and washing from right to left. The third way was to skip drying the dishes.
According to research done by the TTS, drying the dishes on a good drying rack saved 0.5
–2 hours working
time daily. Towel laundry was reduced as well.
To keep the tops of the lower cabinets for other uses, the racks were fixed on the wall. To protect the dishes
from dust, walls were added around the racks. The dish drying cabinet had come into being.
The first drying cabinet racks were made of wood, and it was the only piece of special
kitchen furniture in
many households.
The Home Economics Department of the TTS developed models for kitchen furniture in the mid-1940s.
American and Swedish studies as well as domestic experiments were used to formulate the dimensions. The
TTS sold technical drawings as well as cabinets produced in its own workshop.
Industrial production of kitchen cabinets started in 1948. Enso-
Gutzeit’s Tornator factory was the first to
produce Enso-cabinets based on the TTS research. The cabinets had practical
details such as wooden
compartments for silverware and racks on the doors for saucepan lids.
The dish drying cabinet is still common in Finnish kitchens, even though dishwashers have become common
now as well. It is now used for drying e.g. saucepans, freezer containers, vases and wooden and silver utensils.
At the beginning of the 1990s the TTS remodelled the dish drying cabinet, based on user research.
The rack
was given a finer grid to keep small items from falling through, detergents and brushes got their own space, light
plastic items such as baby feed bottles got a rack on the door, and a special basket for bottles was added. The
lowest rack was for larger, heavier items, and the plate rack was located higher up.
Pirkko Kasanen
– Ph.D., former research director, TTS Institute
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