The
Victorians and Ancient Rome
(Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), pp. 225–32.
2. Hitler cited by Loseman, V., ‘The Nazi concept of Rome’, in Edwards, C.
(ed.),
Roman Presences: receptions of Rome in European culture, 1789–1945
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 221–35. On Fascist Italy
see Store, M., ‘A flexible Rome: Fascism and the cult of romanità’, in ibid.,
pp. 205–20.
3. Betts, R.F., ‘The allusion to Rome in British imperial thought of the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries’,
Victorian Studies
, 1971 (15),
pp. 149–59.
4. Seeley, J.R.,
Roman Imperialism: lectures and essays
(London: Macmillan,
1870), p. 31.
5. Haverfield, F., ‘An inaugural address delivered before the first Annual General
Meeting of the Society’,
Journal of Roman Studies
, 1911 (1), p. xviii.
6. Lucas, C.P.,
Greater Rome and Greater Britain
(Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1912), p. 12; see generally Bell, D., ‘From ancient to modern in Victorian
imperial thought’,
Historical Journal
, 2006 (49), pp. 735–59.
7. Trevelyan, C.,
On the Education of the People of India
(London: Longman,
Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, 1838), pp. 196–7.
8. Baring, E., Earl of Cromer,
Ancient and Modern Imperialism
[1910] (Honolulu:
University Press of the Pacific, 2001), p. 89; cf. pp. 35–6, 72–3.
9. Bryce, J.,
The Ancient Roman Empire and the British Empire in India
(Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1914), pp. 24–5.
10. Seeley, J.R.,
The Expansion of England
(London: Macmillan, 1883), p. 305.
11. Robertson, J.M.,
Patriotism and Empire
(London: Grant Richards, 1899),
e.g. pp. 151–7; the narrative moves directly from Caesar’s overthrow of the
Republic to Renaissance Florence. Cf. J.A. Hobson’s characterisation of the
imperialism of Rome, which focuses on the rise of a money-loaning aristocracy,
the expropriation of the Italian peasants and the decay of morals, all themes
most closely associated with the last century of the Republic;
Imperialism: a
study
(London: Allen & Unwin, 1902), p. 365.
12. Mann, M.,
The Sources of Social Power Volume I: a history of power from
the beginning to AD 1760
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986),
p. 250.
13. Doyle, M.W.,
Empires
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986),
p. 119.
14. Lal, D.,
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(New York & Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), pp. xviii–xxii, 33–42. The nineteenth-century
European empires seem to be treated as elements in a system of anarchic
inter-state competition and hence not as true empires.
15. Thayer, B.A., ‘The case for the Roman Empire’, in Layne, C. & Thayer, B.A.,
American Empire: a debate
(New York & London: Routledge, 2007), p. 42.
And see generally Ferguson, N.,
Colossus: the price of America’s empire
(London: Penguin, 2004).
16. Curchin, L.A.,
Roman Spain: conquest and assimilation
(London: Routledge,
1991), pp. 24–54; Richardson, J.S.,
The Romans in Spain
(Oxford: Blackwell,
1996), pp. 41–149.
17. Curchin,
Roman Spain
, pp. 35 and 41.
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18. Weinstock, S., ‘Pax and the “Ara Pacis”’,
Journal of Roman Studies
, 1960
(50), pp. 44–58.
19. Woolf, G., ‘Roman peace’, in Rich, J. & Shipley, G. (eds.),
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