To date, psychodiagnostics is involved in solving a wide range of problems

2. Naive psychological diagnosis
Many years before our era in ancient China there was a system
1. A holistic approach to the study of man. A person was perceived by diagnosticians
as a whole, including appearance, personal characteristics and professionally important
qualities. Today, psychological diagnostics continues to focus on the integrity of the
individual.
ability testing and selection of government officials.
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conclusions.
Graphology (from two Greek words “I write” and “teaching”) is the doctrine of handwriting, which
was recognized as a kind of expressive movements that reflect the psychological properties and
psychophysiological states of the writer. The idea of the relationship of handwriting with the spiritual
qualities of a person arose long ago. Their existence was pointed out by Aristotle, Theophrastus and
many other thinkers. In 1622, the Italian physician C. Waldo published a work describing methods for
determining personality traits from handwriting. Graphology became widespread in the 19th century.
Today, the dependence of handwriting on the emotional state and some typological properties
of the writer's higher nervous activity has been most reliably established. In some mental illnesses,
handwriting acquires specific features. For example, the handwriting of patients with schizophrenia is
often deliberately pretentious, stylized. Because of this, the study of handwriting can be of diagnostic
value. In forensics, handwriting is analyzed in order to identify signs that allow the identification of
criminals.
There is judicial handwriting. Separate methods of graphological analysis in
combination with other methods are
used in research on differential psychology and psychophysiology.
compromised, although many continued to get carried away with it.
served as the basis for many typologies of character. However, in the first half of the 19th century,
physiognomy was practically forgotten. Phrenology (translated from Greek means “temper”,
“character” and “teaching”) is the teaching of Franz Josef (1758–1828) Gal about the connection
between the mental characteristics of a person and the external shape of the skull. The main idea of
phrenology was that the cerebral cortex consists of a number of centers, in each of which a certain
ability of a person is localized. With a strong development of this ability, the corresponding center of
the brain is also strongly developed, which is reflected in the configuration of the skull. This allows you
to make a phrenological map using special measurements. Thus, anthropometric measurements of
the skull, according to F. Gal, can replace the analysis of a person's mental abilities. The ideas of F.
Galya were based on observations and speculative
After the work of J. Flourens, phrenology was in scientific circles
An attempt to experimentally test phrenology was made by the French physiologist and physician
J. Flourens (1794–1867). J. Flurans applied the effect of drugs on individual nerve centers and used
the method of extirpation (removal) of individual sections of the brain. The results indicated the ability
of the brain to restore lost functions. Summing up the results of his experiments, he came to the
conclusion that the brain is an integral functional organ with pronounced compensatory capabilities.
is different
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