Study Notes management accounting acca f2



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

4. 
Heterogeneity: 
Nature and output is never standardized as human input is a major element of a 
service 
5. 
Cost nature: 
In a service industry sector a higher proportion of costs incurred are indirect as 
compared to direct 
6. 
Composite cost units: 
More than one cost units like cost per patient/night, cost per passenger/mile. 
SERVICE COSTING COMPARED WITH PRODUCT COSTING 

 
Labour element in service costing is more prominent than material used 

 
There is no standardized process for recording of material, labour and other expenses. These all vary 
subject to nature of service 

 
Not all services are revenue generating; customer service centres, distribution facility, libraries etc are 
main examples. So purpose of service costing may not, necessarily, be establishing a profit or loss 
attributable to that service but rather to provide the management with costs associated and efficiency 
and effectiveness of service being provided. 
THE UNIT COST MEASUREMENT
One particular problem with service costing is the difficulty in defining a realistic cost unit that represents a 
suitable measure of the service provided. Frequently, a 
composite cost unit 
may be deemed more 
appropriate. Hotels, for example, may use the 'occupied bed-night' as an appropriate unit for cost 
ascertainment and control.
Other typical cost units that can be used include: 
Services 
Cost unit 
Transport company
Passenger/kilometer ton/mile or kilometer 
Education 
Student/subject 
Hospital 
Patient/night 
Canteen 
meals served 


F2 Management Accounting
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