Study Notes management accounting acca f2



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

CASES: 
1. 
Opening stock units 
<
Closing stock units 
;
High profit under Absorption costing 
2. 
Opening stock units 
>
Closing stock units 
;
High profit under Marginal costing 
3. 
Opening stock units 
=
Closing stock units 
;
Same profit under Both 
MARGINAL COSTING AND ABSORPTION COSTING – A COMPARISON
 
Summary of absorption costing and marginal costing:
 
Absorption costing
Marginal costing 
Cost per unit
Includes fixed and variable 
production cost; So it may arise 
under/over absorption of 
production overhead. 
Includes only variable production 
cost; fixed cost is not absorbed but 
written off to P&L, so there is no 
under/over absorption. 
Stock
Valued at full production cost
Valued at variable production cost 
Profit 
If stock level change, the 2 
methods produce different 
operating profits.
 
Profit is higher if the stock levels 
are rising 
Profit is higher If the stock levels 
are falling 
 
Reconciliation of profits between absorption and marginal costing.
The difference in profits reported under the two systems is due to the different stock valuation methods 
used. If one of the marginal and absorption profit is given, we can find the other one by using the 
following format. 
Profit under marginal costing
= xxx 
Increase / (decrease) in stock x OAR =
Profit under absorption costing
=
xxx / (xxx) 
xxx .
ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF ABSORPTION COSTING

Fixed production costs are incurred in order to make output, it is therefore fair to charge all outputs 
with a share of these costs. 

Closing stock values, by including a share of fixed production overhead, will be valued on the 
principle of IAS 2, as required by financial accounting purpose. 

Including fixed cost in the value of closing stock allows the fixed cost to be charged only in the period 
of which revenue is earned, thus following the cost - revenue matching concept. 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 44 of 147 

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