Study Notes management accounting acca f2


is a performance requirement that is fundamental (critical) to competitive



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

is a performance requirement that is fundamental (critical) to competitive 
success. 
These critical success factors have number of Key Performance Indicators (KPI). These 
are the indicators used to measure performance. There are two types of key performance indicators.
 
▪ Financial key performance indicators( in monetary terms) 
▪ Non-Financial key performance indicators(in non-monetary terms) 

Financial perspective: 
This considers how the organisation can create value for its stakeholders. 
Performance measures are likely to include traditional financial measures of profitability, cash flow 
and sales growth. This focuses on satisfying shareholder value. Examples;
 
▪ Return on capital employed 
▪ Profit margins 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 118 of 147 

Customer perspective: 
This looks at how existing and potential customers see the organisation. 
Performance measures could include number of customer complaints, new customers acquired, on-
time deliveries etc. This is an attempt to measure customers’ view of the organization by measuring 
customer satisfaction. Examples;
 
▪ Customer satisfaction with timeliness 
▪ Customer loyalty. 

Internal business perspective: 
This considers the processes at which an organisation must excel if 
it is to achieve customer satisfaction and financial success. Measures might include the speed of 
innovation, the quality of after sales service or manufacturing time. This aims to measure the 
organization’s output in terms of technical excellence and consumer needs. Examples;
 
▪ Unit cost
▪ Quality measurement 

Innovation and learning perspective: 
This looks at the organisation’s capacity to maintain its 
competitive position through the acquisition of new skills and the development of new products and 
services. This focus on the need for continual improvement of existing products and techniques and 
developing new ones to meet customers’ changing needs. Examples;

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