20
The South Korean version of comic books or graphic novels is
called
manhwa.
Much of early 20th century manhwa was used to
·
speak out against oppress
i
on and injustice. Around the time of the
Korean War in the 1950s, manhwa also provided a welcome es
cape for young people. Today, South Korea
i
s a highly-developed
25
country and has some of the fastest Internet speeds in the world,
so many people prefer to read manhwa (or translations of manga)
online via compl!ter or cell phone. Many popular Korean television
dramas and mov
.
ies have been based on manhwa. Over the last
few years, interest in all things Korean has been on the rise around
30
the wor
l
d
,
which has led to an increase in manhwa sales.
Astroboy
There is a long tradition of com
i
c books in Chinese. The development of special printing
techniques in the 19th century allowed the growth of
lianhuantu �
picture books which told
a story. The modern term for comic books and graphic novels written in Chinese is
manhua;
some of them are original stories while others are translations from Japanese manga. As
35
in Korea, manhua have been used both for the expression of political opinions and as
entertainment. Recently, a type of manhua genre called
wuxia
has become popular. These
softcover or hardcover comics usually involve martial arts combat, like kungfu. The famous
story
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
can be read as a wuxia comic. A well-drawn and
well-written wuxia comic can provide a similar experience to an exciting martial a,rts movie.
40
Asian comics are a growing
i
nfluence in western countries, where the market for them
is increasing each year
.
The biggest consumer of manga outside of Japan is France. "In
Europe, man
g
a is most popular in France, then Italy and Spain," said Hyoe Narita, president
of VIZ Media Europe, a Japanese entertainment company. About ten million manga
books are sold in France annually. Japanese manga has had a strong influence on French
45
cartoonists, who try to combine Asian and European drawing techniques. A new "French
manga
"
genre emerged
,
known as
La nouvelle manga
("the new manga").
Manga, manhwa, and manhua have all made great progress in recent decades and their
influence on how the West views comics is getting stronger. Thanks to the Internet and a
number of small independent comic distributors, a growing number of fans outside Asia
50
can now follow and enjoy the latest manga, manhwa
,
and manhua.
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