Microsoft Word Kurzweil, Ray The Singularity Is Near doc

Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines
, appendix B.4, "Acoustic Transducer for Power and Control" 
(Georgetown, Tex.: Landes Bioscience, 2004), pp. 225–33, 
http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/AppB.4.htm. 
79.
The most comprehensive survey of these proposals may be found in Robert A. Freitas Jr. and Ralph 
C. Merkle, 
Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines
, chapter 4, "Microscale and Molecular Kinematic 
Machine Replicators" (Georgetown, Tex.: Landes Bioscience, 2004), pp. 89–144, 
http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/4.htm. 

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80.
Drexler, 
Nanosystems
, p. 441. 
81.
The most comprehensive survey of these proposals may be found in Robert A. Freitas Jr. and Ralph 
C. Merkle, 
Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines
, chapter 4, "Microscale and Molecular Kinematic 
Machine Replicators" (Georgetown, Tex.: Landes Bioscience, 2004), pp. 89–144, 
http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/4.htm. 
82.
T. R. Kelly, H. De Silva, and R. A. Silva, "Unidirectional Rotary Motion in a Molecular System," 
Nature
401.6749 (September 9, 1999): 150–52. 
83.
Carlo Montemagno and George Bachand, "Constructing Nanomechanical Devices Powered by 
Biomolecular Motors," 
Nanotechnology
10 (1999): 225–31; George D. Bachand and Carlo D. 
Montemagno, "Constructing Organic/Inorganic NEMS Devices Powered by Biomolecular Motors," 
Biomedical Microdevices
2.3 (June 2000): 179–84. 
84.
N. Koumura et al., "Light-Driven Monodirectional Molecular Rotor," 
Nature
401.6749 (September 
9, 1999): 152–55. 
85.
Berkeley Lab, "A Conveyor Belt for the Nano-Age," April 28, 2004, http://www.lbl.gov/Science-
Articles/Archive/MSD-conveyor-belt-for-nanoage.html. 
86.
"Study: Self-Replicating Nanomachines Feasible," June 2, 2004, 
http://www.smalltimes.com/document_display.cfm?section_id=53&document_id=8007, reporting 
on Tihamer Toth-Pejel, "Modeling Kinematic Cellular Automata," April 30, 2004, 
http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/studies/final_report/pdf/883Toth-Fejel.pdf. 
87.
W. U. Dittmer, A. Reuter, and F. C. Simmel, "A DNA-Based Machine That Can Cyclically Bind 
and Release Thrombin," 
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
43 (2004): 3550–53. 
88.
Shiping Liao and Nadrian C. Seeman, "Translation of DNA Signals into Polymer Assembly 
Instructions," 
Science
306 (December 17, 2004): 2072–74, 
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/306/5704/2072.pdf. 
89.
Scripps Research Institute, "Nano-origami," February 11, 2004, 
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-02/sri-n021004.php. 
90.
Jenny Hogan, "DNA Robot Takes Its First Steps," May 6, 2004, 
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994958, reporting on Nadrian Seeman and 
William Sherman, "A Precisely Controlled DNA Biped Walking Device," 
Nano Letters
4.7 (July 
2004): 1203–7. 
91.
Helen Pearson, "Construction Bugs Find Tiny Work," 
Nature News
, July 11, 2003, 
http://www.nature.com/news/2003/030707/full/030707-9.html. 
92.
Richard E. Smalley, "Nanofallacies: Of Chemistry, Love and Nanobots," 
Scientific American
285.3 
(September 2001): 76–77; subscription required for this link: 
http://www.sciamdigital.com/browse.cfm?sequencenameCHAR=item2&methodnameCHAR=resou
rce_getitembrowse&interfacenameCHAR=browse.cfm&ISSUEID_CHAR=6A628AB3-17A5-
4374-B100-3185A0CCC86&ARTICLEID_CHAR=F90C4210-C153-4B2F-83A1-
28F2012B637&sc=I100322. 
93.
See the bibliography of references in notes 108 and 109 below. See also Drexler,