Object of investigation,to the levels of language hierarchy and to two plans of the language

 
Lexical typology 
deals with the units of lexical level. It studies interlingual 
paradigms of words, inter-lingual invariance of meanings expressed by words and 
phrases. Some linguists combine 
lexical 
and semantic typologies. Lexical typology 
must 
be 
studied as an independent branch of linguistic typology, because it deals 
with lexical units, while semantic typology concerns every level of language 
hierarchy. 
 
Lexical typology consists of a) lexical typology of words; b) word-building 
typology; c) comparative lexicology; d) lexic-stylistic typology; e) lexical typology 
of borrowings; f) lexical typology of phraseology; g) lexical typology of proverbs 
and sayings and many others. Each section has its own methods and tasks of 
investigation. Lexical typology is less studied than other branches of linguistic 

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typology. Nevertheless, we can differentiate the main questions, which study the 
lexical typology. They are 1) definition of its subject matter and aim; 2) definition 
of its role in linguistic typology; 3) establishment of the main principles of lexical 
universals; 4) definition of the word structure of the languages and so on. 
 
There are two types of typologies according to two plans of the language: 
formal and semantic
. 
 
Formal typology
 studies the units of the expression plan. It is connected with 
all levels of language hierarchy. Formal typology studies the periods of the 
appearance and transformation of information from generation to generation. 
According to its diachronic development the history of the formal typology consists 
of four periods: 

The period before the appearance of the writing system. The information 
was rendered orally. 

The establishment of the first letters. During this period the information was 
rendered by the first letters written on the stones, trees and different objects. 
During this period the information was not widely spread. 

The third period is characterized as a period of establishing the publishing 
system of printing system. In this period the information became widely spread. 

The fourth period concerns our days, when the information is rendered by 
letters,mobile telephone, TV, radio, e-mail, internet and by other formal ways. 
During this period information is prepared by special automatic system. Machines 
help the people to prepare the information. Formal typology concerns all the levels 
of language hierarchy. 
On the phonetic and phonological levels it studies sounds and their graphic 
description, syllable transcription, alphabet, graphic description of the phonetic 
system and etc. 
On the morphological level formal typology studies morphemic description, on the 
syntactic level - syntagmatic description, on the lexical level - lexeme description. 
 
In general on the grammatical level formal typology studies formal 
grammatical models, syntactic patterns and so on.