Object of investigation,to the levels of language hierarchy and to two plans of the language

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3.1.DIVISION OF THE LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY WITH RESPECT TO THE 
OBJECT OF INVESTIGATION ,TO THE LEVELS OF LANGUAGE 
HIERARCHY AND TO TWO PLANS OF THE LANGUAGE
 
 
Plan: 
1. Genetic, areal and comparative typologies 
2. Structural typology: a) linguistic universals; b) etalon language; c) typological 
classification; d) typological theory 
3. Language hierarchy. Analysis of each level from a typological point of view 
4. Formal and semantic analysis in typology 
 
Basic concepts of the subject: 
 
Genetic typology, areal typology, comparative typology, structural 
typology,etalon 
language, 
deep 
identity,surface 
identiy,cross-level 
approach,content approach, synchronic, diachronic, deductive, inductive, 
genealogical,typological,phonetic typology,phonological typology,morphologica 
typology,syntactic typology,lexical typology,formal typology,semantic typology 
 
 
Genetic typology 
deals with the languages which are genetically related 
both synchronically and diachronically. As an independent branch of linguistic 
typology it is characterized by the following features: 

Difference to system closeness. It means that language under comparison 
should belong to the same structural type. 

Difference to the genetic closeness. It means that only genetically related 
languages can 
be 
compared. 

Areal non-limitation of languages. 

Quantitatively languages are limited by a certain genetic group of a family 
of languages. 

For genetically closely related languages both deep and surface identity and 
also etic-emic identity are characteristic. 

While etic-emic identity is possible, but not obligatory, content approach is 
not used. The traditional approach from form to meaning is basically used. 

The etalon language is limited by certain category of linguistic phenomenon. 
Typological operation is completed in case when the languages belonging to the 
same genetic group or family are analysed by the same etalon language. 
 
Genetic typology may be of two types: l)