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Ashridge Model
: tells, sells, consults, joins 
– 
Blake and Mouton
's 
Managerial Grid
: concern for task, concern for people 

 
Leaders need to adapt their style to the needs of the team and situation. This is the basis of 
contingency 
approaches 
such as: 
– 
Fiedler
's 'psychologically close' and 'psychologically distant' styles 
 
– 
John Adair
's 'action-centred' leadership model – based on 'situations' or 'functions' 
CHAPTER ROUNDUP 
BPP Tutor Toolkit Copy

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PART D: LEADING AND MANAGING INDIVIDUALS AND TEAMS 
 
316
 
 
1
Which of the following is 
not
one of Fayol's five functions of management? 
A Commanding C Communicating 
B Controlling 
D Co-ordinating 
2
Who argued that management should be based on 'well-recognised, clearly defined and fixed principles, 
instead of depending on more or less hazy ideas'? 
A Fayol 
C Adair 
B Taylor 
D Fielder 
3
The Hawthorne studies found that individual attitudes and group relationships help determine the level 
of output. True or false? 
4
The overriding responsibility of the management of a business, according to Drucker, is employee 
development. True or false? 
5
What managerial roles did Mintzberg describe and what categories did he group them into? 
6
Is the statement below true or false? 
 
'Frederick Taylor, despite his engineering background, was primarily concerned with the satisfaction 
workers obtained from their jobs.' 
7
Which of the following is not one of the interpersonal roles of managers identified by Henry Mintzberg? 
A Handling 
disturbances 
B 
Reconciling individual needs with the requirements of the organisation 
C Training 
staff 
D 
Liaising outside the scalar chain 
8
Complete the statement below using one of the words in the list given in brackets. 
'................................... authority cuts across departmental boundaries and enables managers to take 
decisions that affect staff in departments other than their own.' 
(managerial, line, staff, functional, financial, formal)