476
3. Закон Республики Узбекистан «О государственной молодежной политике»,
2016 г. Веб-сайт Национальной базы законодательства Республики Узбекистан.
URL: www.lex.uz.
4. Обсуждена разработка концепции развития туризма в Узбекистане.28 декабря
2016 г. Веб-сайт Национальной базы законодательства Республики Узбекистан.
URL: www.lex.uz.
5. Открылась виртуальная приемная Государственного
комитета по развитию
туризма. 5 января 2017 г. URL: www.uza.uz.
BUKHARA ON THE SILK ROAD
Norova M.F.,
Methodist of the Department of International Relations
The cities of modern Uzbekistan sparkle under
the bright sun like pearls
scattered along the Silk Road. The country is especially rich in historical artifacts. Life
always
boiled there, new cities emerged
older ones quickly grew,
trade and crafts
developed. All of that was possible due to the country’s
favorable position in the
picturesque oasis right in the center of the Silk Road routes.
By the way, it was probably because of the riches of ancient kingdoms which
existed on that territory that the Silk Road appeared at all. Let us recollect the history:
the first Chinese who crossed those lands from north to south, namely Dayuan, Kangyu,
Sogdia, and Bactria, was Zhang Qian. The Ambassador of Chinese Emperor told his
master about the prosperous and hitherto unknown kingdoms in Fergana, Samarkand
and Bukhara (all of them on the territory of now Uzbekistan) and Balkhab (now
Afghanistan). Among other things he mentioned the magnificent
Fergana heavenly
racers – big, strong and fast. For the military ambitions of Chinese those horses were
the valuable find. It was the attempts to get those horses that started trade on the Silk
Road.
The first caravans on the Silk Road appeared in 138 BC when China opened its
borders for trade. In the 4th century Sogdians established their trading colonies along
the trade routes leading to China. They existed along the entire eastern line
of the Silk
Road from Samarkand to Xi'an in China.
From Central Asia and further to China the famous “Heavenly racers” (Fergana
horses), carpets, linen and woolen fabrics, semiprecious stones were exported.
One of the main roads crossing Asia from east to west started in Xi'an, the capital
of ancient China, and followed to its northwest borders along the Gobi desert, across
Tarim Basin, and then it crossed Eastern Turkestan. Having crossed the Tien Shan part
of caravans went across Fergana Valley and Tashkent oasis to Samarkand, the capital
of Sogdiana, Bukhara, Khoresm and further to the Caspian Sea coast. Some caravans
from Samarkand headed to Bactria and after crossing the
Kashkadarya River valley
reached Termez. From there after crossing the Amu Darya they went to the South to
Bactra and India.
Another branch of the road from Tarim went around the Taklamakan desert from
the south and after passing Khotan and Yarkand led to Bactra (northern Afghanistan)
and Merv. From there through Persia and Syria it reached the Mediterranean, so the
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