Ministry of the higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan state world languages university

Word:
Synonym:
About
 
approximately
 
Abstract
 
summary
 
to accomplish
 
to achieve
 
artful , etc. 
crafty, etc. 
B
Backbone
 
spine 
Backside
 
behind, bottom 
bad (not good)
 
poor, naughty 
Ballot
 
poll
to beat
 
to defeat 
to behave, etc. 
 
to act, etc. 
69
Смирницкий А.И. Лексикология английского языка. М., 1956 – p. 43 
70
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/words/synonyms.htm 

---

66 
Synonyms belong to the same part of speech and may be interchangeable 
in some contexts, but not all. As we know, the majority of English words are 
polysemantic, especially if the word is frequent than it is sure to be 
polysemantic. The semantic structure of polysemantic words sometimes 
coincides in more than one meaning but never completely. Even such words as 
mirror
- a surface, typically of glass coated with a metal amalgam, which 
reflects a clear image, and 
looking-glass
- a mirror (old-fashioned) are not 
totally identical in their meanings.
Thus, in a synonymic group 
loving-affectionate-devoted-fond-doting
, 
loving
and 
devoted 
give positive evaluation, 
affectionate
is neutral as well as 
fond
, 
doting 
might mean disapproval. 
Loving
describes the inner emotional state, 
affectionate
– a tender feeling which may be expressed in caressing and other 
manifestations, 
devoted
means faithfulness and readiness to spend time and 
energy, 
fond
- having an affection or liking for somebody or something, 
doting
means extremely and uncritically fond of someone, and involves foolish and 
exaggerated feeling that might be of negative effect.
The definitions of the words in this synonymic groups clearly demonstrate 
the difference in shades of meaning and degrees of the intensity, although they 
render seemingly the same feeling. Such synonyms are usually termed 
ideographic – they express the same idea or notion, but are not fully identical in 
their referential context.
If we take another synonymic group 
visage - countenance – face – phiz – 
muzzle – snout – clock - mug
, the members represent stylistic synonyms, as 
each one has a specific stylistic feature – either neutral (
face
) or a difference in 
emotional colouring and evaluation: 
 
Visage
– 1) a person's face, with reference to the form or proportions of 
the features ; a person's facial expression; 
Countenance - 1) a person's face or facial expression; 
 
Face 
- 1) the front part of a person's head from the forehead to the chin, or 
the corresponding part in an animal; 

---

67 
 
Muzzle
- the projecting part of the face, including the nose and mouth, of 
an animal such as a dog or horse; informal: the part of a person's face including 
the nose, mouth, and chin; 
 
Snout
- the projecting nose and mouth of an animal, especially a mammal 
■ a person's nose ; informal: a person's nose
 
Clock 
– 1) a mechanical or electrical device for measuring time, 
indicating hours, minutes, and sometimes seconds by hands on a round dial or 
by displayed figures; 3) informal: a person's face;