accommodation behaviour damage
luck
permission traffi c
advice bread
furniture
luggage
progress
weather
baggage chaos
information
news
scenery
work
I’m going to buy some bread.
Men non sotib olmoqchiman.
It’s nice weather today.
Bugun havo yaxshi.
We had a lot of luggage.
Bizning yukimiz ko‘p.
She was making great progress.
U katta yutuqlarga erishayotgan edi.
They promised Jackson further as-
sistance.
Ular Jeksonga muntazam yordam
berishga so‘z berishdi.
He told me of the progress he was
making.
U menga o‘zi erishayotgan muvaf-
faqiyatlar haqida so‘zlab ber di.
The news was so upsetting that she
said she would not see anyone that
night.
Yangilak shunchalik noxush edi-
ki, u o‘sha kechasi hech kimni
ko‘rishni istamasligini aytdi.
Ammo permission — ruxsat, advice — maslahat, information — xabar
mavhum otlari konkretlashganda (aniqlashtirilganda) ham noaniq artikl bilan
ishlatilmaydi:
He recieved permission to visit that
plant.
U o‘sha zavodga borish uchun
ruxsat oldi.
He sent us important information
on the state of the market.
U bozordagi vaziyat haqida biz-
ga muhim xabar yubordi.
He readily gives advice to every-
body who asks him for it.
U kim so‘rasa bajonudil masla-
hat beradi.
ANIQ ARTIKLNING TURDOSH OTLAR BILAN ISHLATILISHI
1. The aniq artikli that o‘sha ko‘rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan. U
birlik va koplikdagi donalab sanaladigan otlar va donalab sanalmaydi gan
otlar oldida ishlatiladi. Aniq artikl shaxs yoki buyumning shu tur dagi shaxs
yoki buyumlardan ajratib ko‘rsatish uchun ishlatiladi va shu, o‘sha degan
ma’noni beradi.
2. Otning shu turdagi shaxs yoki buymlardan ajratuvchi aniqlovchisi
bo‘lsa, aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
The drawer of my writing table is
locked.
Meni yozuv stolimning g‘ala-
doni qulf.
Show me the telegram which was
recieved yesterday.
Kecha olingan telegrammani
menga ko‘rsating.
125
The workers who are discharging
the steamer will fi nish their work at
eight o’clock.
Paroxodni (yukini) bo‘shatayotgan
ishchilar ishlarini soat sakkizda
tamomlaydilar.
I like the fi lm that I saw yesterday .
Menga kecha ko‘rgan fi lmim yoq-
di.
There is the man who came here
yesterday.
Kecha kelgan kishi shu yerda.
The telegram brought by the secre-
tary was very important.
Kotiba olib kelgan telegramma
juda muhim edi.
The walls of my room are painted
blue.
Meni xonamning devorlari ko‘kka
bo‘yalgan.
I have lost the key to my room.
Xonamning kalitini yo‘qotdim.
The apples on that tree are quite
ripe.
Ana u daraxtning olmalari juda pi-
shgan.
The ore discovered by the expedi-
tion is of high quality.
Ekspeditsiya topgan ruda yuqori
sifatli.
The steel used in the construction
of this bridge was produced at the
Magnitagorsk plant.
Bu ko‘prikning qurilishiga ishlatil-
gan po‘lat Magnitagorskda ishlab
chiqarilgan.
The water in this river is very cold.
Bu daryoning suvi juda sovuq.
The honour of our country is very
dear to us.
Vatanimizning obro‘yi biz uchun
juda aziz.
To the joy of his friends he reco-
vered very quickly.
Uning tez tuzalganidan do‘stlari
xursand bo‘ldilar.
We study the geography of our
country .
Biz mamlakatimiz geografi yasini
o‘rganamiz.
I like the music of this ballet .
Menga bu baletning musiqasi yo-
qadi.
3. Qanday shaxs yoki buyum ekanligi vaziyat yoki matn mazmuni dan
ma’lum bo‘lgan ot aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
Please, clos e the window.
Iltimos, derazani yoping (Hozir
ochiq bo‘lgan deraza haqida gap
ketayapti).
Where is the key?
Kalit qani? (qayerda?) (Shu eshik-
ning kaliti).
Put your book on the shelf.
Kitobingizni tokchaga qo‘ying (Ki-
tob turadigan tokcha, polka).
Pass me the bread, please.
Nonni uzatib yuboring, iltimos (ol-
dimizda turgan nonni).
126
Taqqoslash: Pass me some bread,
please.
Iltimos, ozroq non uzatib yubo-
ring.
Bring the milk from the kitchen.
Oshxonadan sutni olib keling. (Osh-
xonadagi hamma sutni).
Taqqoslash: Bring me some milk
from the kitchen.
Oshxonadan menga ozroq sut olib
keling.
The meat was quite cold.
Go‘sht juda sovuq edi.
We shall ship the ore next week.
Biz rudani kelasi hafta yuklaymiz.
The news caused some excite-
ment.
Yangilik ozroq hayajonga sabab
bo‘ldi.
4. Oldin gapirilgan ot qayta takrorlanganda aniq artikl bilan ishla-
tiladi:
When I entered the room, I saw a
man standing at the window. The
man was very old.
Xonaga kirganimda men deraza ol-
dida turgan bir kishini ko‘rdim.
U kishi juda qari edi.
Once there lived an old doctor in a
small town. The doctor was known
to everybody in the town as a very
kind man.
Bir vaqtlar bir kichkina shaharchada
bir qari doktor yashagan ekan. Dok-
tor shaharchadagi hammaga (saxiy
kishi) ochiq ko‘ngil kishi sifatida
tanilgan ekan.
I bought some cheese and some
butter. The cheese was not very
good, but the butter was excellent.
Men pishloq va sariyog‘ sotib ol dim.
Pishloq yaxshi emas ekan, ammo sa-
riyog‘ juda a’lo darajada edi.
The waiter brought me some tea
and some milk. I drank the tea but
did not drink the milk.
Ofi tsiant menga choy va sut olib
keldi. Men choyni ichdim, lekin
sutni ichmadim.
5. Dunyoda yoki ushbu vaziyatda yagona bo‘lgan shaxs yoki buyum
oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi:
The earth is millions of kilometres
from the sun.
Yer quyoshdan millionlab kilo-
metr uzoqlikda.
When the goods have been loaded
on a ship, the captain signs a re-
ciept called a bill of lading.
Mollar kemaga yuklangandan
key
in kapitan konosament deb
ata luvchi tilxatga imzo chekadi.
6. Dunyodagi yoki biror vaziyatdagi barcha shaxs yoki buyumlarni
ifodalagan ko‘plikdagi ot oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi:
Lake Baikal is the deepest of all the
lakes in the world.
Baykal ko‘li dunyodagi ko‘llar-
ning eng chuquridir.
Give me a list of the students.
Talabalarning ro‘yxatini bering.
127
The students of our Institute
learn foreign languages.
Institutimiz talabalari chet tillarini
o‘rganishadi (Hamma studentlar ha-
qida gap ketayapti).
He teaches English to students
of our Institute.
U institutimiz talabalariga ingliz ti-
lidan dars beradi (Hammasiga emas,
ba’zilariga dars beradi).
7. Birlikda kelgan ot shu buyum qarashli bo‘lgan butun turni ifoda-
laganda aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
The pine grows in northern coun-
tries.
Qayin shimoliy mamlakatlarda
o‘sadi.
The African elephant is taller than
the Indian.
Afrika fi li hind fi liga qaraganda
kattaroq.
The aeroplane has made the world
a small place.
Samolyot dunyoni toraytirdi.
(uzoqni yaqin qildi).
Now the horse has been replaced by
the tractor.
Hozir otni trakror almashtirgan.
The violet is a lovely fl ower
Binafsha chiroyli gul.
The cuckoo is a lazy bird.
Kakku dangasa qush.
8. Otlashgan sifat yoki sifatdosh oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi. Otlashgan
sifat yoki sifatdosh birlikda kelib ko‘plik ma’nosida ishlatiladi:
The poor in some countries live in
slums.
Ba’zi mamlakatlarda kambag‘allar
xarobalarda yashaydilar.
The wounded were taken to the
hospital.
Yaradorlar kasalxonaga olib ke-
tildi.
9. Orttirma darajadagi sifat bilan kelgan ot aniq artikl bilan ishlati-
ladi:
The highest mountains are in Asia.
Eng baland tog‘lar Osiyoda.
This is the most interesting book I
have ever read on this subject.
Bu masaladagi men o‘qigan
kitoblar ichida eng qiziqarlisi
mana shu kitob.
10. Tartib sonlar bilan kelgan otlar oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi:
The offi ce is on the second fl oor.
Ofi s ikkinchi qavatda.
I took a seat in the third row.
Men uchinchi qatordan joy oldim.
Men uchinchi qatorda o‘tirdim.
Izoh: Tartib son ikkinchi bir, yana bir ma’nosida ishlatilsa noaniq artikl bilan ishla-
tiladi:
We must charter a second vessel.
Biz ikkinchi bir (yana bitta) kemani
yollashimiz kerak.
128
A third man entered the room.
Xonaga uchinchi bir (yana bitta) odam
kirdi.
They must have a second race to decide
who is the real winner.
Kim haqiqiy g‘olibligini aniqlash
uchun ular yana bir marta poyga
o‘tkazishlari kerak.
A fi rst night — premyera
A fi rst prize — birinchi mukofot
11. Sanoq sonlar bilan kelgan ot artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Two men entered the room. Xonaga ikki kishi kirdi.
Lekin sanoq son o’sha ikki, bu ikki ma’nosida ishlatilsa aniq artikl bilan
ishlatiladi.
The three men came to the tur-
ning at the corner of the Gros-
venor Hotel.
O‘sha uch kishi Grosvenor meh-
monxonasining muyulishiga ke-
lishdi.
12. same — bir xil; next, following — keyingi, kelgusi, last — oxirgi,
very — ayni, only — yakka-yagona, proper — mos, to‘g‘ri keladigan, pre-
viuos — oldingi, opposite — teskarisi, necessary — kerakli, so-called
— ataladigan, adjacent — yonidagi, ulanib ketgan, qo‘shni, alleged —
havola qilinadigan, tufayli kabi so‘zlar bilan kelgan otlar aniq artikl bilan
ishlatiladi:
In some countries women do not get
the same wages as men.
Ba’zi mamlakatlarda ayollar
er kaklar bilan bir xil ish haqi
olmay dilar.
She said that they were very busy
but that they would have more time
the following week.
U o‘zlarining juda band ekanlik-
larini va keyingi haftada ko‘proq
vaqtlari bo‘lishini aytdi.
This is the only book I have on this
question.
Bu mendagi shu masalaga
taalluq li yakka-yagona kitobdir.
I found him in the last carriage of
the train.
Men uni poyezdning oxirgi va-
gonidan topdim.
You are the very person I need.
Siz ayni menga kerak odamsiz.
Izoh: next — kelasi; last — o‘tgan ma’nosida quyidagi birikmalarda artiklsiz ishla-
tiladi:
next week — kelasi hafta, next month — kelasi oy, next year — kelasi yil, last week —
o‘tgan hafta, last month — o‘tgan oy, last year — o‘tgan yil va boshqa birikmalarda.
Taqqoslang:
We had not been sitting long in the
drawing-room before Mr. March was
arranging a time-table for the next day.
Mr. March keyingi kunga rejim tuzgun cha
biz mehmonxonada uzoq kutmadik.
I sent her a wire and she met me at the
station next day.
Men unga telegramma yubordim va u
keyingi kuni meni vokzalda kutib oldi.
129
TURDOSH OTLAR OLDIDA ARTIKLNING ISHLATILMASLIGI
1. Otning oldida birorta ko‘rsatkich bo‘lsa artikl ishlatilmaydi:
My room is large.
Mening xonam kattadir.
This book is interesting.
Bu kitob — qiziq.
I want some matches.
Menga gugurt kerak.
2. Donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldida noaniq artikl ishlatilmaydi:
She was making great progress.
U katta muvaffaqiyatga erishayot-
gan edi.
They promised Jackson further
assistance.
Ular kelajakda Jeksonga yordam
berishga va’da berdilar.
Water is necessary for life.
Suv — hayot uchun kerak.
I like milk.
Men sutni yoqtiraman.
Salt can be obtained from sea
water.
Tuz dengiz suvidan olinishi mum-
kin.
This steamer burns oil (and not
coal).
Bu paroxod neft yoqadi (ko‘mir
emas).
3. Donalab sanaladigan, birlikdagi ot biror holatda yagona bo‘lgan
mansab yoki unvonni ifodalab, gapda ot-kesim tarkibida kelsa, izohlov chi
bo‘lib kelsa yoki to elect — saylamoq, to appoint — tayinlamoq, to make
— qilmoq fe’llaridan keyin kelsa artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
My brother is chief of this expedi-
tion.
Mening akam — bu ekspeditsiya-
ning boshlig‘i.
We’ll discuss the matter with Mr.
Bell, dean of our faculty.
Biz bu masalani mister Bel, fa-
kultetimiz dekani bilan, muho-
kama qilamiz.
He has been appointed captain of
the «Minsk».
U «Minsk» kemasiga kapitan qilib
tayinlandi.
Izoh: Yuqoridagi otlar gapda ega yoki to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lib kelganda aniq artikl bi
lan
ishlatiladi:
The dean of our faculty spoke at the meeting yesterday. Fakultetimiz dekani kecha
yig‘ilishda gapirdi.
The letter was signed by the captain of the «Minsk». Xat «Minsk» kemasining kapitani
tomonida imzolangan edi.
4. Salad, steak, coffee kabi moddiy otlar oldida noaniq artikl ishlatil-
maydi:
Would you like a cup of coffee?
Bir piyola kofe ichasizmi?
5. Breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper so‘zlari have fe’li bilan kelganda
artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
9 — M. G‘apporov
130
When do you usually have lunch?
Odatda siz qachon tushlik
(lench) qilasiz?
6. Hafta kunlari nomlari oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi:
It’s Sunday today.
Bugun — yakshanba.
7. Class so‘zi mashg‘ulot, dars ma’nosida kelganda artiklsiz ishlati-
ladi:
I am going to class now.
Men hozir darsga borayapman.
They are in class. It is time for
class.
Ular hozir darsda. Hozir dars
vaqti.
Ammo:
He is having an English class now.
U hozir ingliz tili darsida.
8. Time oti It’s time for birikmasida kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
It’s time for lunch (for class).
Time marta ma’nosida ishlatilganda artikl umumiy qoida asosida qo‘l-
laniladi:
She has been late for class six times
this semester.
U bu semestrda olti marta
kechikdi.
9. Orqasidan sanoq son kelgan otlar oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi:
We’re studying lesson 7.
Biz yettinchi darsni o‘rganayap-
miz.
Please, open your books to page
25.
Kitoblaringizni 25-betini oching.
Are you doing the problems on page
36?
36-betdagi masalalarni yecha-
yap sizlarmi?
10. Home oti at predlogi bilan kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Is Ann at home now?
Anna hozir uydami?
11. to watch television (TV) birikmasidagi television (TV) oldida artikl
ishlatilmaydi:
He is going to watch TV (televi-
sion) tonight.
U bu oqshom televizor tomosha
qilmoqchi.
Ammo: He spoke on the telephone.
12. O‘quv fanlari va fan sohalari nomlari oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi:
I’m doing mathematics
now.
Men hozir matematikani baja-
rayapman.
13. play fe’lidan keyin kelgan sport o‘yinlari nomlari oldidan artikl
ishlatilmaydi:
131
He is playing chess.
U shaxmat o‘ynayapti.
Lekin: to play the piano.
Can you play the guitar?
Gitara chala olasizmi?
Ammo: I’d like to have a guitar.
14. to have trouble birikmasida trouble oti oldida artikl ishlatil maydi:
I am having trouble with problem 6.
Men oltinchi masalani yecha
olma yapman.
15. Tartib soni bilan kelgan grade (maktabdagi sinf ma’nosida), avenue,
street otlari oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi:
— Is Peter in sixth grade?
— Piter oltinchi sinfdami.
— No, he isn’t. He is in fi fth gra-
de.
— Yo‘q. U beshinchi sinfda.
ATOQLI OTLAR OLDIDA ARTIKLNING ISHLATILISHI
1. Atoqli otlar oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi:
Tashkent, Asia, Olimov, John Smith.
2. Atoqli ot oldida mansabni yoki muomala shaklini ifodalovchi turdosh
ot kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Professor Brown, General Smith, Comrade Petrov, Mr White.
3. Muomala so‘zlari bo‘lgan turdosh otlar oldida ham artikl ishlatil-
maydi:
Good morning, Captain?
Salom, Kapitan!
May I ask you a question, Profes-
sor?
Professor, sizga savol bersam
may li mi?
Porter, take this trunk to the cus-
tomhouse, please.
Hammol, bu chamadonni bojxo-
naga olib boring, iltimos.
4. Father, mother, uncle va boshqa oila a’zolarini ifodalovchi nomlar
shu oila a’zolari tomonidan artiklsiz aytiladi va shu so‘zlar bosh harfl ar bilan
yoziladi:
I’ll ask Father about it.
Men buni otamdan so‘rayman?
5. Familiyalar ko‘plikda ishlatilib, butun bir oilani ifodalaganda aniq
artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
The Browns arrived from London
yesterday.
Braunlar kecha Londondan ke-
lishdi.
132
6. Okeanlar, dengizlar, daryolar, ko‘rfazlar va cho‘l nomlari hamda atoqli
ot aniqlovchisi bo‘lib kelgan turdosh otdan yasalgan geografi k nomlar oldida
aniq artikl qo‘yiladi:
The British Empire
Britaniya imperiyasi
The Pacifi c Ocean
Tinch okeani
The United States
Qo‘shma Shtatlar
The Atlantic Ocean
Atlantika okeani
The Mediterranian Sea
O‘rta dengiz
The Baltic Sea
Boltiq dengizi
The Persian Gulf
Fors ko‘rfazi (qo‘ltig‘i)
The Sahara Desert
Sahroi Kabir
The British Channel
Ingliz kanali (La-Mansh)
The Volga
Volga
The Thames
Temza
Okean va dengiz nomlaridagi okean, dengiz so‘zlari tushib qolganda ham
aniq artikl saqlanib qoladi:
The Pacifi c, The Atlantic, The Mediterranian, The Baltic.
Izoh: Geografi k nom aniqlovchili atoqli otdan yasalgan bo‘lsa, artiklsiz
ishlatiladi:
Eastern Europe
Sharqiy Yevropa
Central Asia
Markaziy Osiyo
North America
Shimoliy Amerika
South America
Janubiy Amerika
Northern Ireland
Shimoliy Irlandiya
South Africa
Janubiy Afrika
Lekin: The Middle East, the Far East.
Ba’zi mamlakatlar, joylar va shahar nomlari oldida aniq artikl ish-
latiladi:
The Ukrain — Ukraina
The Caucasus — Kavkaz
The Crimea — Qirim
The Transvaal — Transval
The Congo — Kongo
The Hague — Gaaga
The Netherlands — Niderlandiya
(Gollandiya)
The Argentine — Argentina
The Ruhr — Rur
The Riviera — Rivyera
The Lebanon — Livan
7. Tog‘ tizmalari nomlari oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi:
The Alps — Alp tog‘lari
The Apennines — Apenin tog‘lari
133
Alohida tog‘ cho‘qqilari artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Elbrus — Elbrus
Montblanc — Monblan
Everest — Everest
8. Orol guruhlari nomlari aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
The British Isles — Britaniya
orollari
The West Indies — Vest India orol-
lari
The Azors — Azor orollari
The Canaries — Kanar orollari
Yakka orol nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Madagascar — Madagaskar
9. Ko‘llar nomlari aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
The Baikal, The Ontario, The Leman.
Ko‘l nomi oldida lake so‘zi kelsa artikl ishlatilamaydi:
Lake Ohio, Lake Como, Lake Superior, Lake Ladoga.
10. Kanallar va bo‘g‘ozlar nomlari aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
The Magellan Strait, The Bering Straits, The Torres Straits,
shuningdek, The Bosporus, The Dordonells, The Kiel Canal, The Suez
Canal, The Panama Canal.
11. Yarim orol nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Indo-China, Labrador, Taimir, Scandinavia; Yuqoridagi nomlarga
yarim orol so‘zi qo‘shilsa aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: The Balkan Peninsula,
The Kola Peninsula.
12. Qo‘ltiq nomlari artiklsiz ishlatiladi:
Hudzon Bay, Baffi n Bay.
13. Sharshara va dovonlarning nomlari aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi:
The Niagara Falls, The Swallaw Falls, The Saint Gotthard Pass.
14. Geografi k nomlar odatda artikl olmaydi, lekin quyidagi hollarda artikl
bilan ishlatilishi mumkin:
a) ajratuvchi aniqlovchi bilan kelgan geografi k nomlar aniq artikl bilan
ishlatiladi:
In Ivanhoe Walter Scott described
the England of the Middle Ages.
Ayvengo romanida Volter Skot
o‘rta asrlar Angilyasini tasvirlagan.
b) tasvirlovchi aniqlovchi bilan kelgan geografi k nom noaniq artikl bilan
ishlatiladi:
The fl ier went on to say: «There will
be a different Germany after the
War».
Uchuvchi gapini davom ettirdi:
«Urushdan keyin boshqa Ger-
maniya bo‘ladi».
134
It was a new Russia that he found
on his return.
U qaytganida yangi Rossiyani
topdi.
15. Shaxs ismlari oila vakili sifatida ishlatilganda noaniq artikl
oladi:
«Florence will never, never be a
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