the infinitive stem.
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practice makes perfect Complete French All-in-One
Avoir (
to have)
and
être (
to be) are irregular in the
passé simple.
avoir to have
j’eus
I had nous
eûmes
we had
tu eus
you had vous
eûtes
you had
il/elle eut
he/she had
ils/elles eurent
they had
être to be
je fus
I was nous
fûmes
we were
tu fus
you were vous
fûtes
you were
il/elle fut
he/she was ils/elles
furent
they were
On frappa à la porte et il se leva.
Someone knocked on the door and he got up.
Il fut surpris par notre réaction.
He was surprised by our reaction.
Ils répondirent immédiatement à notre lettre. They answered our letter immediately.
Elles partirent aussitôt après le discours.
They left right after the speech.
VOCABULAIRE
l’art (m.)
art
un musée
a museum
une collection
a collection
collectionner
to collect
un collectionneur,
a collector
une collectionneuse
une galerie
a gallery
une visite guidée
a guided tour
un conservateur,
a curator
une conservatrice
une exposition
an exhibition
les beaux-arts (m.pl.)
fine arts
une toile
a canvas, a painting
une peinture
a painting
un tableau
a painting
une aquarelle
a watercolor (painting)
une gravure
an etching
un dessin
a drawing
une sculpture
a sculpture
une statue
a statue
une nature morte
a still life
un chef-d’œuvre
a masterpiece
une photographie
a photograph
un vernissage
an opening (art show)
peindre
to paint
dessiner
to draw
sculpter
to sculpt
un peintre
a painter
un(e) paysagiste
a landscape painter
un(e) portraitiste
a portrait painter
une palette
a palette
un pinceau
a paintbrush
un chevalet
an easel
un dessinateur,
a designer, a sketcher
une dessinatrice
un sculpteur
a sculptor
un(e) photographe
a photographer
un atelier
a studio, a workshop
The
passé simple of irregular verbs
Other verbs have an irregular passé simple. For some verbs the stem of the passé simple is based
on the past participle, but this is not a fixed rule.
Here are some of the irregular verbs in the passé simple that will let you start right in read-
ing French newspapers or novels. It is especially useful to learn the third-person singular and
plural forms.
boire (
to drink) il/elle
but
he/she drank
ils/elles burent
they drank
conduire (
to drive) il/elle
conduisit
he/she drove ils/elles
conduisirent
they drove
connaître (
to know)
il/elle
connut
he/she knew ils/elles
connurent
they knew
convaincre
il/elle convainquit he/she convinced ils/elles convainquirent they convinced
(to convince)
courir (to run)
il/elle courut
he/she ran ils/elles
coururent
they ran
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The simple past, the passive voice, and indirect speech
345
couvrir (
to cover)
il/elle couvrit
he/she covered ils/elles
couvrirent
they covered
craindre (
to fear) il/elle
craignit
he/she feared ils/elles
craignirent
they feared
croire (
to believe) il/elle
crut
he/she believed ils/elles
crurent
they believed
devoir (
to have to) il/elle
dut
he/she had to ils/elles
durent
they had to
écrire (
to write) il/elle
écrivit
he/she wrote ils/elles
écrivirent
they wrote
éteindre (
to turn
il/elle éteignit
he/she turned off ils/elles
éteignirent
they turned off
off [the light])
faire (
to do)
il/elle fit
he/she did ils/elles
firent
they did
falloir (
to have to)
il fallut
one had to, it was
necessary
to
introduire
il/elle introduisit
he/she introduced ils/elles
introduisirent
they introduced
(to introduce)
lire (
to read)
il/elle lut
he/she read
ils/elles lurent
they read
mettre (
to put)
il/elle mit
he/she put ils/elles
mirent
they put
mourir (
to die)
il/elle mourut
he/she died ils/elles
moururent
they died
naître (
to be born)
il/elle naquit
he/she was born ils/elles
naquirent
they were born
obtenir (
to obtain) il/elle
obtint
he/she obtained ils/elles
obtinrent
they obtained
offrir (
to offer) il/elle
offrit
he/she offered ils/elles
offrirent
they offered
peindre (
to paint)
il/elle peignit
he/she painted ils/elles
peignirent
they painted
plaire (
to please) il/elle
plut
he/she pleased ils/elles
plurent
they pleased
pleuvoir (
to rain)
il plut
it rained
pouvoir (
can)
il/elle put
he/she could
ils/elles purent
they could
prendre (
to take) il/elle
prit
he/she took ils/elles
prirent
they took
recevoir (
to receive) il/elle
reçut
he/she received ils/elles
reçurent
they received
rire (
to laugh) il/elle
rit
he/she laughed ils/elles
rirent
they laughed
savoir (
to know) il/elle
sut
he/she knew ils/elles
surent
they knew
sourire (
to smile) il/elle
sourit
he/she smiled ils/elles
sourirent
they smiled
tenir (
to hold)
il/elle tint
he/she held ils/elles
tinrent
they held
valoir (
to be worth) il/elle
valut
it was worth
ils/elles valurent
they were worth
venir (
to come)
il/elle vint
he/she came ils/elles
vinrent
they came
vivre (
to live)
il/elle vécut
he/she lived ils/elles
vécurent
they lived
vouloir (
to want)
il/elle voulut
he/she wanted ils/elles
voulurent
they wanted
25·1
EXERCICE
Mettre l’infinitif des verbes suivants.
1. Ils furent de grands collectionneurs.
2. J’eus un profond respect pour cet artiste.
3. Elles peignirent des natures mortes.
4. Nous fîmes un tour de son atelier.
5. Il vint nous rejoindre au vernissage.
6. Tu lus toutes ses œuvres.
7. Vous voulûtes lui faire un compliment.
8. Elle sut tout de suite que c’était un chef-d’œuvre.
9. Il plut à tout le monde.
10. J’éteignis la lumière.
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practice makes perfect Complete French All-in-One
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