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20.4 Anticipate referees’
comments on your English
Here is a typical example, written by an NNS referee commenting on an NNS’s
English:
A big problem with this work is the English form: there are so many language errors that
it actually seriously compromises one’s ability to understand what is being presented. The
paper needs an extensive revision by a native English speaker.
NS referees, on the other hand, tend to focus more on problems related to intelligi-
bility and readability: verbosity, redundancy and rambling sentences. Many native
English-speaking referees are sympathetic to their non-native colleagues. One
reviewer I contacted said:
I typically don’t comment on minor grammatical issues in my reviews unless the grammar
makes the content hard to follow or understand. I can’t imagine having to write all my
scientific papers in a second language—it’s hard enough to do in a native language—so
I have a lot of sympathy for people who have that obstacle to publication.
Grammatical and lexical errors are unlikely to completely impair a referee’s under-
standing of your paper, but too many of them might cause referees to become irritated
and to lose interest not only in what you are writing about, but in you as well.
Basically if your paper is filled with errors this requires too much effort on the part
of the referee and this may have a negative impact on his / her opinion not only of
your paper but also on your credibility as a reliable researcher.
All referees object to spelling mistakes, particularly as this is something that
authors can easily check themselves. A series of trivial and easily correctable
mistakes, may make some referees feel that you are not very competent and reliable
- and their opinion of your English may even throw doubts on their opinion of how
well you carried out your research.
Judging errors is an extremely subjective exercise, and different referees may have
very different ideas about what they would term as ‘intolerable’ or ‘objectionable’
errors. This may help to explain those occasions when your paper is rejected by one
referee for ‘very poor’ English, whereas the other referees make no comment at all
about the English level.
Sometimes referees will give no specific reasons for rejecting your paper due its
poor English, but they will say something like: This referee recommends that the
authors have their paper revised by a qualified native English speaker. This may
happen for two reasons:
1. the referee is either a NS or a NNS and feels that the quality of the English is low but is
unable to pinpoint exactly what it is. In this case, the cause of the problem is generally an
overall lack of readability.
2. the referee is a NNS, is not sure of the level of English, and wants to protect himself / her-
self just in case there are errors. This is a face-saving device adopted by NNS referees in
relation to the editor. However, please note that this only happens in some cases, and is not
a general rule.
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The Final Check
With regard to the second point, I once revised a paper for a client and I highlighted
three terms that were unfamiliar to me and which I recommended the author should
change. For some reason the author did not make these particular changes and his
manuscript was initially rejected. Of course the rejection was primarily for scien-
tific reasons and not problems with the English (I had, after all, revised the English
and apart from the words and phrases I had highlighted, the English was perfect).
However, all three referees spotted the unfamiliar terms which included one word
that was archaic (i.e. a word that is no longer used) and two terms that the author
had clearly invented himself. Purely on the basis of these three vocabulary items,
two of the referees recommended that the paper be revised by a professional mother
tongue editor before being accepted for publication - despite the fact that the paper
was actually in near perfect English.
How is this possible? The two referees were in fact both NNSs - I could recognize this
from the English of their reports which contained some errors. What they saw was
three clear errors of English. Their feeling was probably “If I have recognized these
three errors, there may be many others too that I may not be able to spot. To protect
myself, and the author, I think I should recommend a revision by a professional”.
Having to submit your manuscript to a professional not only has a monetary cost,
but also causes further delay to your paper being published. Consequently:
1. it is generally wise to take into account the comments made by professional proofreaders - if
you don’t agree with your proofreader’s recommendations, then contact him/her again for
clarifications
2. you should make sure that the words you use are in current use. The fact that your spell
checker does not underline it in red, or that you found the word in a reputable dictionary,
does not mean
that is acceptable to use
3. you should never invent terms, even if the term you invent is made up of words that actually exist
and are commonly used. For example, although you can say ‘bankruptcy law’, ‘employment
law’ and ‘immigration law’, you cannot by analogy (i.e. noun +
law) invent the term ‘nature law’
or ‘population initiative law’ even though similar terms may
exist in your own language
You can easily check for points 2 and 3 by searching on Google Scholar and ensur-
ing that the returns are from native speakers.
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