Сборник тезисов «Ипак ва зираворлар»

Tokhirov J.R., Lecturer, 
Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan 
SMALL INVESTMENTS IN ECO-TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE
 
International tourism, the development of which is leaps and bounds, as one of 
the most successful industries, is directly related to this issue. Uzbekistan is an active 
member of the world community and is at the stage of formation of a market 
economy, pays great attention to the development of those sectors of the economy, 
which bring large profit the country and tourism is no exception. 
One of the priority directions of modern international tourism is ecotourism. It is 
no coincidence, since the main reason for the further development of the hospitality 
rooted in the collimation of relations in the "tourism - environment" system. Hence, 
obviously, and the origin of the concepts of "soft tourism", or "green tourism". That 
focus on the environmental component in order to attract tourists can be attributed to 
increased attention in recent years to visit places with uncontaminated nature. 

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On the emergence of eco-tourism had a significant impact the processes of 
industrialization and urbanization. There is no doubt that industrialization strengthens 
the economic power of the country, creates the material conditions for its further 
development. But at the same time, it restricts the living space of people, limiting 
their mobility, subjects them to "iron Moloch", imposing man they dictated the 
rhythm and pace of life. 
The process of urbanization is irreversible, and question it - anyway, that the 
fight against windmills. According to the forecast of the United Nations, in the 
industrialized countries, the share of urban population will exceed 90% by 2025, but 
a hundred of the largest cities in the world will total more than 5 billion. This 
explains the growing interest in eco-tourism. Many sociological studies show that 
among the leading motives of travel to the fore more and more pushed people's desire 
to communicate with nature. For example, in one survey, tourists who prefer a 
refreshing holiday in the mountains, answered that they wanted to breathe fresh air, 
see the clear streams, tranquil mountains and lawns, where cows, but not displayed in 
supermarkets. 
Eco-tourism - is a kind of tourism, which is expressed in the active time of 
transmission to the human environment, not only with the use of its recreational, 
educational and other opportunities, but also with regard to their conservation and 
enhancement, both on a conscious and on a practical level. 
The basic idea of eco-tourism - is, above all, concern for the environment, which 
is used for tourism purposes. It is this use of the wealth of nature combined with the 
education of love for her, the statement of the importance of its protection and is the 
hallmark of ecological tourism. 
The idea received a specific embodiment is that ecotourism is intended to: 
- Continuously, systematically and purposefully cultivate balance environmental 
criterion we Natural environment; 
- To harmonize the relationship between the environment, society and economy; 
- To focus the organization on the tour to preserve and increase the use value of 
the natural environment through the allocation of part of the tourism revenue to solve 
related problems; 
- To subordinate short-term interests to profit from tourism long-term interests 
of nature conservation for future generations as well as for the further development of 
tourism; 
- To form the tourists a sense of personal responsibility for the state of nature 
and its future, maintaining their sense of belonging to it as an organic part of it. 
Development of ecological tourism in the republic, in the presence of a strong 
ecological tourism base, is constrained mainly by economic and organizational 
reasons. Among the economic reasons are: 
- Lack of the necessary initial capital for financing the creation of environmental 
centers, which would have started exploring the whole complex of issues related to 
the development of targeted programs of environmental travel; 
- Small investments in eco-tourism infrastructure, which affects the condition of 
the hotel, tourist transport services; 

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- Lack of funds for an advertising campaign in order to attract the attention of 
potential tourists to visit at least those areas that have any infrastructure for the 
reception, accommodation and guest services. 
For organizational reasons include: 
- The limitations of the tourist routes in the field of eco-tourism and a weak 
furnished; 
- Lack of specialized tour companies in the area of eco-tourism; 
- Bureaucratic restrictions and restrictions on access to the eco tourist attractive 
in relation to the natural places mainly due to no elaboration mechanism of 
interaction between the administration of protected areas with the organizers of 
tourist trips and eco-tours; 
- Modest set of recreational services for tourists; 
- The lack of ecotourism advertising; 
- A limited number of qualified professionals in the field of eco-tourism, can 
take over the development, organization and conduct eco-tours; 
- Lack of adequate legal framework of ecotourism.
To this we must add the factor of psychological unpreparedness to participate in 
the organization and conduct of the eco tours as the administration of protected areas, 
and living in these territories of the local population. In this direction a lot of work to 
be done. Its result would be a recognition of the ecological tourism in environmental 
protection activities, entrusted by law as a full participant in the protected areas, 
which, in fact, he suggests, but rather in a correct manner. 
In Uzbekistan, the use of tourism as a potential factor in the development of 
individual regions takes place within the framework of the adoption of target 
complex programs. Almost all areas with promising tourism resources, developing 
such projects. As part of the program allocated promising types of tourism, as also 
defined a list of specific actions to implement them. 
In the territorial structure of the economy of the country can find a lot of places 
for which the tourist activity will be an additional impetus for the development, and 
the government should take care of it. A limitation of polluting industries, agriculture 
and transport, the formation of comprehensive income regions tourism acts battery of 
economic policy. There is no doubt that it is eco-tourism, environmental constraints 
of production form the economy of the future both in Uzbekistan and abroad.