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CHAPTER II IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS INTO EFL CLASSROOM…………………………….
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2.1. Recent studies on the use of extra materials in teaching English……..
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2.2. Effective method of applying into EFL classroom……………………
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CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………..
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REZYUME……………………………………………………………….
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LIST OF USED LITERATURE…………………………………………
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INTRODUCTION
As language teachers, we often feel that the prescribed textbooks may not be sufficient to achieve a variety of objectives in language teaching. We often find them inadequate to deal with all the areas and needs of the learners. Teachers, therefore, should select and use certain supplementary materials based on their learners’ learning styles and needs . The needs, abilities, and learning environments of the students vary from place to place, and even class to class. Using supplementary materials in the class is necessary because there are " ... different groups of learners with differing learning needs and learning styles, topics in a textbook may not be relevant for and interesting to all learners, and a textbook is confining, that is, it inhibits teachers' creativity," . It is not always possible for a textbook writer to produce an ideal textbook, which can fulfill the needs of all the students.
To fulfill the needs of the students and objectives of the lesson, a teacher has to select and use the appropriate supplementary materials for the language classroom. Supplementary materials, according to Spratt, Pulverness and Williams , include “skills development materials; grammar, vocabulary and phonology practice materials; collection of communicative activities; and teacher’s resource materials” . These teaching materials should support or enhance curricula and be relevant to the learning outcomes and contents of the course. Whenever possible, priority should be given to resources developed and produced in the local areas. They must be appropriate in content and to the emotional development, ability level, learning style, social development, and age of the students. They must have a physical format and appearance that is suitable for their intended use.
They should avoid reflecting negative stereotypes, i.e. they should be fair, objective, and free from inappropriate language and images, bias, propaganda, discrimination and sex-role stereotyping, except where a teaching/learning situation requires illustrative material to develop critical thinking. They should provide a stimulus for creativity. While selecting and/or using the supplementary learning resources, one must be careful with the copyright laws. All supplementary materials must be read and/or reviewed prior to teaching use. Supplementary materials help to motivate the learners by creating interests in the learning and encouraging them to use the language in the class. They enable the learners to understand and grasp the information from a given text. They are also useful to get information about the people and the culture of the target language society and help to contextualize the teaching learning environment. They save time and effort and lesson the burden of the teacher while presenting the learning items. They also contribute to ease in maintaining learner’s direct contact with the objects, places, thing and people and to reduce the use of the learner’s mother tongue in the classroom activities. Another task of language teachers after selecting/developing the appropriate supplementary materials is to use them in the classroom. The materials selected/developed according to Tomlinson, should be: …informative (informing the learner about the target language), instructional (guiding the learner in practicing the language), experiential (providing the learner with experience of the language in use), eliciting (encouraging the learner to use the language) and exploratory (helping the learner to make discoveries about the language). . Ideally materials should be developed for learning rather than for teaching and they should perform all the functions specified by Tomlinson . A teacher sometimes has to modify the selected materials according to the levels of students and contexts providing clear instruction. Ur classifies the supplementary materials into two: paper and digital.
According to her, reference books, textbooks, teacher handbooks, books for extensive reading, reading, worksheets, test papers, word cards, pictures (posters and flash cards) are paper supplementary materials. Similarly, the interactive whiteboards and data projects, internet, websites, interactive, digital tools, wikis and blogs, digital recording, production and e-books are digital supplementary.
Supplementary materials are books and other materials we can use in addition to the course book. They include skills development materials, grammar, vocabulary and phonology practice materials, collections of communicative activities, teacher's resources and web materials. Supplementary materials may also come from authentic sources (e.g. newspaper and magazine articles, video, etc.). Some course book packages include supplementary materials and activities specially designed to fit the course book syllabus, and websites where you can download supplementary materials. We select supplementary materials and activities first by recognizing that we need something different from the material in the course book, and then by knowing where to find the most appropriate kinds of material. We use supplementary materials and activities to provide something that is missing from the course book, to give learners extra practice, or just to bring something different to our lessons.
Make a list of all the different reasons you can think of for using supplementary materials and activities, and any advantages or disadvantages you think supplementary materials may have.
There are various reasons why we might want to use supplementary materials and activities. Some of the main reasons are as follows:
1. to replace unsuitable material in the course book
2. to provide material missing from the course book
3 . to provide suitable material for learners' particular needs and interests
4. to give learners extra language or skills practice
5. to add variety to our teaching.
Course books are organized according to a syllabus, and they are often carefully graded (i.e. grammatical structures, vocabulary, skills, etc. are presented in a logical or clear sequence for learning), so that learners' knowledge of the language builds up step by step through the book.
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