Organic Chemistry I


Chair conformation of cyclohexane



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Chair conformation of cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is the
most stable
cycloalkane. It is strain-free, meaning neither angle strains nor torsional strains apply,
and it shows the same stability as chain alkanes. This special stability is due to a unique conformation that it adopts. The
most stable conformation of cyclohexane is called “
chair

conformation
, since it somewhat resembles a chair.
In the chair conformation of cyclohexane, all the carbons are at 109.5º bond angles, so no angle strain applies. The
hydrogens on adjacent carbons are also arranged in a perfect staggered conformation that makes the ring free of
torsional strain as well. This will be illustrated more clearly later when we learn about the Newman projection of the
chair conformation.
Properties of the chair conformation
In the chair conformation of cyclohexane, the total twelve C-H bonds can be divided into two categories based on the
orientations, which are
axial (“a”)
and
equatorial (“e”)
. In the structure below, the six red coloured bonds are
axial
and
the six blue coloured bonds are
equatorial
. Axial bonds are vertical and perpendicular to the average plane of the ring,
while the equatorial bonds are more “flat” and extend from the perimeter of the ring. For both “
a
” and “
e
”, they can either
point up

(above the ring), or point down

(below the ring). The trending of “
a
” and “
e
” bonds in the chair conformation
can be summarized as:
• Each carbon has one “
a”
bond and one “
e”
bond; if one bond points up 

(above the ring), the other has to point
down 

(below the ring);
4.3 Conformation Analysis of Cyclohexane | 125


• For the same type of bonds, the orientation up 

and down 

alternates from one carbons to the adjacent carbon,
meaning if a certain carbon has a 

, then the adjacent carbon must has a 

;
• For the total twelve C-H bonds: 3
a

, 3
a

, 3
e

, 3
e

.

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