O’lkashunoslik 2021-yil

O’LKASHUNOSLIK



2021-YIL

Lecture 7.Gaining state independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Declaration ˌdekləˈrāSH(ə)n декларация-formal or explicit statement or announcement.
"a declaration of love"The government has made a declaration of war on its enemies.
Independence ˌindəˈpendəns независимость-the fact or state of being independent.
"Argentina gained independence from Spain in 1816"
Democracy dəˈmäkrəsē демократия-a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives."a system of parliamentary democracy"Coverage of the scrutiny process is central to our parliamentary democracy .
Activation ˌaktiˈvāSH(ə)n активация-the action or process of making something active or operative."phones with voice activation"He touched the communications device to activate it.
Committee kəˈmidē комитет 1.a group of people appointed for a specific function by a larger group and typically consisting of members of that group. "the housing committee"
2.LAW a person entrusted with the charge of another person or another person's property.
Constitution ˌkänstəˈt(y)o͞oSH(ə)n конституция 1.
a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
"Britain lacks a codified constitution"Similar:charter social code canon body of law system of laws/rules bill of rights laws rules regulations fundamental principles regs
2.the composition of something."the genetic constitution of a species"
Ministry ˈminəstrē министерство 1.(in certain countries) a government department headed by a minister."the Ministry of Defence"Similar:government department department bureau agency office
2.the work or vocation of a minister of religion."he is training for the ministry"
Communist ˈkämyənəst коммунист noun a person who supports or believes in the principles of communism."I was very left-wing but I was never a communist" Similar: socialist leftist collectivist radical socialist anti-capitalist Soviet Bolshevik Bolshevist Marxist neo-Marxist Leninist Marxist–Leninist Trotskyist Trotskyite Maoist commie Bolshie red lefty adjective adhering to or based on the principles of communism. "a French communist writer
Annex/əˈneks/ verb.bosib olmoq.пристройка.to take control of a country or area next to your own, especially by using force. ex. Zululand was annexed to Natal in 1897.
Conquest/ ˈkɒŋkwest/ noun.g'alaba.завоевание.the act of getting control of a country by fighting. ex. Cis was also his first conquest.
Capture/ˈkæptʃə/verb.asirga olmoq.взятие в плен.to catch a person and keep them as a prisoner. ex. In one battle, sources say, the rebels captured 100 tons of ammunition.
Confine/kənˈfaɪn/verb- birlashtirmoq.граница.to keep someone or something within the limits of a particular activity or subject . ex. Lord did not confine his ventures to cricket.
Concession/kənˈseʃən/ noun-bo'ysunish.уступка.something that you allow someone to have in order to end an argument or a disagreement . ex. The new concession will apply to buses only.
Cultivation/ˌkʌltəˈveɪʃən/noun-ishlov berish.обработка. the preparation and use of land for growing crops. ex. The technique used was lazy-bed cultivation which is a form of hand cultivation.
Conscription/kənˈskrɪpʃən/ noun-majburiy harbiy xizmat.воинская повинность.when people are made to join the army, navy etc. ex. There was no conscription, no feeling in my world, of necessity to volunteer.
Combine/kəmˈbaɪn/verb-birlashtirmoq.картель. if you combine two or more different things, or if they combine, they begin to exist or work together. ex. • Carl has more experience than any of them combined.
Confiscation/ˌkɒnfəˈskeɪʃən/-musodara qilish.реквизиция.the confiscation of pornographic material. ex. A judge ordered the confiscation of the smuggler’s £1.5 million assets.
Civil/ˈsɪvəl/adjective-fuqarolik.гражданский.relating to the people who live in a country. ex.• I know you don't like Phil, but try to be civil.
Circumstance/ˈsɜːkəmstæns/noun.vaziyat,sharoit.обстоятельства.the conditions that affect a situation, action, event etc. ex.• Women of the same age and circumstance as you are less likely to live with their parents.
Ceremony/ˈserəməni/noun.tantana,marosim.торжество.df.an important social or religious event, when a traditional set of actions is performed in a formal way.ex. • A ceremony is held every year to remember those who died in the war.
Clan/klæn/noun.urug',urug' jamoasi.род.df. a large group of families who often share the same name.ex.• My own family was at once strongly nuclear and part of what can only be called a clan.
Disruption/dɪsˈrʌpʃən/noun.buzish,putur yetkazish.разрушение.df.a situation in which something is prevented from continuing in its usual way.ex.• For sure she creates disruption, signifies abnormality, and incites lewdness in others.
Encroach/ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ/verb.qasd qilmoq,tajovuz qilmoq.вторгаться.df.to gradually take more of someone’s time, possessions, rights etc than you should.ex.But even there, modernity has encroached.
Exile/ˈeksaɪl/noun.quvg'in,surgun.изгнание.df.a situation in which you are forced to leave your country and live in another country, especially for political reasons.ex. The Smiths seduce us into aspiring to the same heroic pitch of failure and exile.
Emphasize/ˈemfəsaɪz/ verb.urg'u bermoq ,takidlamoq.подчеркивать.df.to say something in a strong way SYN stress.ex.• No one technique works for everyone, he emphasizes.
Indigenous/ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/adjective.mahalliy,yerli.местный.df.indigenous people or things have always been in the place where they are, rather than being brought there from somewhere else SYN native.ex.• The indigenous communities of Chiapas discuss and decide, and he is their mouthpiece.
Literacy/ˈlɪtərəsi/noun.savodlilik,savodxonlik.грамонтность.df .the state of being able to read and write .ex.• Literacy levels amongst girls very quickly overtook those of boys.
Merchant/ˈmɜːtʃənt/noun tijoratchi, savdogar.купец.df. old-fashioned someone who buys and sells goods in large quantities.ex.• Merchants say sales have not been affected by the road repairs.
Massive/ˈmæsɪv/adjective juda katta.тяжелый.df. very large, solid, and heavy.ex.• The system is capable of recording massive amounts of information.
Majority/məˈdʒɒrəti/noun katta qism, ko'pchilik. большинство.df .the people or things in a group OPP minority.ex.• Since 1879, House rules have required a majority of those voting for a distinct candidate to elect a speaker.
Peasant/ˈpezənt/ noun dehqon.крестьянин.df. a poor farmer who owns or rents a small amount of land, either in past times or in poor countries.ex.• The economic crisis caused famine, epidemics, and peasant revolt.
Provisional/prəˈvɪʒənəl/adjective vaqtinchalik.временная.df.likely or able to be changed in the future.ex.• A provisional executive committee had been set up under the chairmanship of Franiszek Kaminski.
Portion/ˈpɔːʃən/noun.qism,bulak,hissa.часть, доля.df.a part of something larger, especially a part that is different from the other parts.ex.• Of course, a basic corollary of the theory is that deep drilling should uncover a portion of these massive methane resources.
Prerequisite/priːˈrekwəzət/ noun.dastlabki shart,zamin.предпосылка.df.something that is necessary before something else can happen or be done.ex.
• As for relations with the public, rudeness seems almost a prerequisite of government employment.
Rehabilitation/ˌriːhəbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/noun.o'z holiga keltirish.реабилитация, восстановление в правах.df.the rehabilitation of mentally ill patients.
Redestribution/ˌriːdɪstrəˈbjuːʃən/noun.qayta tasdiqlash.перераспределение.df.the act of redistributing something, especially money or land.ex.One significant cause has been a redistribution of income towards richer people on a scale without parallel this century.
Revolt/rɪˈvəʊlt/noun.isyon ko'tarish.восстание.df . a refusal to accept someone’s authority or obey rules or laws. ex.Only a matter of time until he leads a revolt of angels..
Revolution/ˌrevəˈluːʃən/noun.inqilob.революция.df. a complete change in ways of thinking, methods of working etc. Ex.The 1789 revolution marked the end of the French monarchy.
Ruthless/ˈruːθləs/adjectiver.rahmsiz bag'ritosh.безжалостный.df. so determined to get what you want that you do not care if you have to hurt other people in order to do it.Ex.But I was the one who was being ruthless.
Sufficiency/səˈfɪʃənsi/noun.yetarli bo'lish.достаток.df the state of being or having enough.Ex.Is there a sufficiency of time allowed for the analysis of data?

1.Cereal-a breakfast food made from grain and usually eaten with milk=хлебный злак

2.Coppers-money of low value made of copper or BRONZE=медная или бронзовая монета
3.Exploration-when you try to find out more about something by discussing it, thinking about it=исследование
4.Horticulture-the practice or science of growing flowers, fruit, and vegetables → gardening → agriculture=садоводство
5.Petroleum-oil that is obtained from below the surface of the Earth and is used to make petrol, PARAFFIN, and various chemical substances=нефть
6.Mineral-substance that is formed naturally in the earth, such as coal, salt, stone, or gold. Minerals can be dug out of the ground and used=минерал, руда
7.Infrastructure-the basic systems and structures that a country or organization needs in order to work properly, for example roads, railways, banks etc=инфраструктура (подчиненная структура системы, особ. общественного производства, обеспечивающая ее нормальную деятельность)
8.Investment-the use of money to get a profit or to make a business activity successful, or the money that is used=инвестирование; помещение капитала, денежных средств
9.Remote-far from towns or other places where people live SYN isolated=внестудийная передача; репортаж с места (события)
10.Vast-extremely large SYN huge
vast amounts/numbers/quantities/sums etc (of something)=обширный, огромный, громадный; безбрежный
11.Zinc-a blue-white metal that is used to make BRASS and to cover and protect objects made of iron. It is a chemical ELEMENT: symbol Zn=цинк
12.Monopoly-if a company or government has a monopoly of a business or political activity, it has complete control of it so that other organizations cannot compete with it
monopoly of=монополия; исключительное право
13.Undergo-if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you=испытывать, переносить
14.Procure-to obtain something, especially something that is difficult to get
procure something for somebody=доставать, добывать; обеспечивать
15.Stability-the condition of being steady and not changing OPP instability → stable=устойчивость, стабильность; состояние равновесия
16.Livelihood-the way you earn money in order to live
a means/source of livelihood=средства к существованию
17.Mitigate-to make a situation or the effects of something less unpleasant, harmful, or serious SYN alleviate=смягчить, уменьшить (наказание)
18.Pest-small animal or insect that destroys crops or food supplies → vermin=сельскохозяйственный вредитель, вредное насекомое, паразит
19.Welfare-help that is provided for people who have personal or social problems=благосостояние, благоденствие; благополучие, достаток
20.Deleterious-damaging or harmful SYN detrimental=вредный, вредоносный; ядовитый

satin /ˈsatɪn/noun -atlas- атлас a smooth, glossy fabric, usually of silk, produced by a weave in which the threads of the warp are caught and looped by the weft only at certain intervals."flowing skirts made of satin, chiffon, and velvet"

Skull--capˈ-skʌlkap noun qalpoqcha.тюбетейка /a small close-fitting peakless
kerchief-/ˈkəːtʃɪf/noun ro'mol.платок a piece of fabric used to cover the head. handkerchief.
Turban ˈtəːb(ə)n/ noun salla.тюрбан a man's head covering consisting of a long length of material wound around a cap or the head, worn especially by Sikhs and Muslims.
Nuanceˈ-njuːɑːns noun nozik farq .нюанс .a subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound.
he was familiar with the nuances of the local dialect"
amulet-/ˈamjʊlɪt/tumor.амулет an ornament or small piece of jewellery thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease.
greenish-ɡriːnɪʃadjective having a green tinge; slightly green."the water's greenish hue
motif/məʊˈtiːf/ noun asosiy fikr.мотив a decorative image or design, especially a repeated one forming a pattern. the colourful hand-painted motifs which adorn narrowboats"
peasant/ˈpɛz(ə)nt/noun dehqon.крестьянин a poor smallholder or agricultural labourer of low social status (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries). peasants left the farms to work in industry"
craftsman-krɑːf(t)smən hunarmand. ремесленники.a worker skilled in a particular craft. the tiles are handmade by trained craftsmen"
footwear-ˈfʊtwɛː/noun poyabzal fобувьouter coverings for the feet, such as shoes, boots, and sandals.
mahsi-maxsi махси(ichiga -nice heeles Step in boots with a soft sile
tubeteika-noun qalpoq тюбете́йка) is a Russian word for many varieties of traditional Central Asian caps.
conicalˈkɒnɪk(ə)l adj konusga o'xshagan cконический having the shape of a cone
ˈpaprɪkə,pəˈpriːkə noun paprika паприка a powdered spice with a deep orange-red colour and a mildly pungent flavour, made from the dried and ground fruits of certain varieties of pepper.e.g a deep orange-red colour.
enrichedɪnˈrɪtʃt,ɛnˈrɪtʃt/adj boyitilgan обогащенный of food) having added nutrients.
e.g "calcium-enriched orange juice"
epoch iːpɒk,ˈɛpɒk noun davr эпоха a particular period of time in history or a person's life.
e.g "the Victorian epoch"
Initial ɪˈnɪʃ(ə)l/adjective boshlangich впервоначальный existing or occurring at the beginning.e.g"our initial impression was favourable
Nomadic nəʊˈmadɪk noun living the life of a nomad; wandering.e.g
"nomadic herdsmen"
settlement/ˈsɛt(ə)lm(ə)nt/ noun joy поселокan official agreement intended to resolve a dispute or conflict.
e.g "unions succeeded in reaching a pay settlement"
ancestor ˈansɛstə noun ajdod предокa person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended.
e.g "he could trace his ancestors back to James the First"
inwader ɪnˈveɪdə noun bosqinchi ввзахватчикa person or group that invades a country, region, or other place.
e.g "it is a country that has repelled all invaders
rite /rʌɪt/ noun marosim обряд a religious or other solemn ceremony or act.
e.g "the rite of communion"
collectism kəˈlɛktɪvɪz(ə) noun kollektivizim cколлекционизм the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
e.g "the Church has criticized the great emphasis placed on individualism rather than collectivism"
manifest ˈmanɪfɛst adj aniq манифест clear or obvious to the eye or mind.
e.g "her manifest charm and proven ability"
residential-rɛzɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)l/adj yashash uchun moljallangan жилой designed for people to live in.
e.g "private residential and nursing homes"
repository rɪˈpɒzɪt(ə)ri/ noun omborxona хранилищеa place where or receptacle in which things are or may be stored.
e.g "a deep repository for nuclear waste"
embellishɪmˈbɛlɪʃ,ɛmˈbɛlɪʃ/ verb bezamoq приукрашивать make (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features.
e.g "blue silk embellished with golden embroidery"
cradle ˈkreɪd(ə)l/noun beshik cколыбель a baby's bed or cot, typically one mounted on rockers.
e.g "the baby slept peacefully in its cradle"
swaddlingsˈswɒd(ə)l/ verb o'ralgan пеленать wrap (someone, especially a baby) in garments or cloth.
e.g "she swaddled the baby tightly"
groom ɡruːm n otboqar жених brush and clean the coat of (a horse, dog, or other animal).
e.g "the horses were groomed and taken to shows"
matchmaker ˈmatʃmeɪkə/ n sotuvchi сваха a person who arranges marriages or initiates romantic relationships between others.
e.g "an enthusiastic matchmaker who continually tried to pair off the difficult bachelor with unattached ladies"
solemn ˈsɒləm/ n tantanali торжественный formal and dignified.
e.g "a solemn procession"
deem-diːm verb faraz qilmoq считать regard or consider in a specified way.
e.g "the event was deemed a great success"
peculiar-pɪˈkjuːlɪə adj alohida своеобразный different to what is normal or expected; strange.
e.g "he gave her some very peculiar looks"
splendor-ˈsplɛndə n savlat великолепие magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur.
e.g "the barren splendour of the Lake District"
abundance-əˈbʌnd(ə)ns/ noun boylik изобилие a very large quantity of something.
e.g "the tropical island boasts an abundance of wildlife"
pilaf-pɪˈlaf noun palov плов another term for pilau.

Fascinate- ˈfasɪneɪt/ maftun qilmoq очаровывать.attract the strong attention and interest of (someone).

“I’ve always been fascinated by computers”