Objectives of knowledge management

Does not apply to existing customers when marketing similar products.
This 
common‑ sense clause (22(3)(a)) states that previous opt‑in is not required if the 
contact details were obtained during the course of the sale or negotiations for the 
sale of a product or service. This is sometimes known as the ‘soft or implied opt‑in 
exception’. This clause is interpreted differently in different European countries, 
with seven countries, Italy, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Greece, Finland and Spain, 
not including it. Marketers managing campaigns across Europe need to take the 
differences into account.
Clause 22(3)(b) adds that when marketing to existing customers the marketer 
may market ‘similar products and services only’. Case law will help in clarifying
this.