О производстве спичек

Ignition a fire without a match.


On stage there is a board .Pupils of 7 class Ahmad,Yokub,Hasan are doing their home tasks .

Ahmad is writing the chemical equations on the board. Pupils of 9 class Nazira,Erkin,Tulkin enter to the stage.

Nazira: How do you do comrades.
Boys: Good morning, you are welcome.
Erkin: What do you do here?
Ahmad: We are doing home tasks from chemistry.
Yokub: Where are you going?
Nazira : Today we have a chemistry circle.
Tulkin: We must execute the laboratory experiences on this circle, thus we are hurry.(At this time the light switched off)
Ahmad: Oh no, what shall we do?
Hasan: We can not do our home tasks.
Nazira: Continue writing in the dark.
Yokub: Are you crazy Nazira
Hasan: How we can see board, chalk if there isn’t a light.
Erkin: Write with the chalk which is seen in the dark.
Ahmad: what do you mean?
Yokub:Is there a chalk which glows in the dark.?
Tulkin: Exactly there is.
Nazira If you haven’t seen such chalk, look at me, I begin to write.
Hasan: We didn’t see you, where we must look at.(Boys dared)
Erkin: Look aside board.(Nazira writes the equation 4P+5O2=2P 25 on the board The equitation sparkled )
Nazira: Have you seen.
Yokub: we have seen, but don’t believe it.
Ahmad:Is this a miracle?
Tulkin: There isn’t any miracle.
(At this time the lights switch on, but nothing is seen on the blackboard. Pupils amazed and look at on the board then to the chalk which is on hands Nazira )
Hasan :I have never seen such chalk.
Ahmah and Yokub; we are also.
Nazira( showing the chalk which is in her hands) This is not a chalk .this is a white phosphorus. You will be informed about it at 9 classes.
Erkin : Do you know, white phosphorus is a such material which unites with oxygen and glows .That is why it shines .
Tulkin: That is why it takes its name “phosphorus” “phosphorus” is a Greek word which means “Light”.
Erkin;That is why white phosphorus is saved under water.
Hasan: Is it saved in the pool?(Nazira and boys laughed )
Nazira: No, not in the pool, but in a glass dishes. They put white phosphorus and pour water to the glass dish.
Tulkin: Also you must know that white phosphorus is very dangerous, you must be very careful.
Yokub; why?
Tulkin: At first white phosphorus can easy flares up and it will be a cause of the fire, also it is like poison, if little piece from it falls to organs of people, they will die.
Erkin : also If a white phosphorus is touched with skin it burns it and will appear long recovered wound.
Ahmad:(Looking at Nazira) If you are holding it and noting happened with your skin
Nazira(showing Ahmad the thing which is in her hand.)Look, white phosphorus is partly covered with wetted paper and I hold only this part, besides there is a glass with water (showing it).
Hasan: So, besides we can easily light an alcohol lamp without a match!
Tulkin:No, lighting the alcohol lamp with a white phosphorus isn’t easy.
Erkin: But there are many easy ways to light an alcohol lamp without a match.
Yokub: please show it.
Nazira : do you remember that you must prepare home tasks from chemistry.
Erkin: At first do your homework and then you we may continue our experience.
Ahmad: we promise you to do it.
Hasan : (In a begging tone) Please show to light an alcohol lamp.
Erkin: Ok .Look( Erkin puts a little a powder of permanganate potassium, in porcelain cup and he wetted the tip of glass stick with concentrated chamois acid and brushes it against crystals permanganate potassium, then put it against the wick of the alcohol lamp. The lamp switches)
Hasan : how did you do it.(Showing the potassium permanganate)
Erkin: This is the formula of the potassium permanganateKMnO4-A potassium manganese-O-4
Nazira : Doctors call it Manganese.
Erkin:If we act the concentrated chamois by acid, stands out an atomic oxygen.
Nazira (writes the equation of reactions on the board.)
2KMnO4=K2SO4+2HMnO4
2HMnO4=H2O+2MnO2+30

Erkin: Atomic oxygen is very active so sets fire to the material to like alcohol .Understandable.

Hasan: yes we understand, thank you a lot you have taught as many things.
Ahmad:Sorry can I ask you one thing?
Nazira: what do you want?
Ahmad:Can we light the kerosene lamp with this way?
Nazira it is difficult to light the kerosene lamp with this way, because I think you know that alcohol flames easier than kerosene.
Tulkin: But you can light it without a match but in other way.
Yokub: Please show it .
Tulkin: Ok I will do it. But look attentively.
Ahmad : I will watch it with all my heart.
(Tulkin puts crystal permanganate of potassium as pie, in test tube and pour there 3-4 drop of the salt acid and lowered stick with the red phosphorus on the tip, in test tube. At first a red phosphorus fires then fires the stick, then he lighted the lamp with the lightened stick)
Ahmad: It is repeated.
Hasan:Erkin has used a manganese. You are also used it.
Tulkin: yes. But here occurs another process. I have added on permanganate potassium the chloride salt acid thus the chloride salt acid goes reaction between permanganate potassium and stands out chlorine. Red phosphorus quickly unites with chlorine and products much heat and it fires. On the stick which I used there is a little red phosphorus.
Nazira: Here occur the following reactions (she writes the equations on the board)
2KMnO4+2HC1=2KC!+2HMnO4
2HMnO4=H2O+MnO2=3O
3O+HC1+3H2O+3C12
2MnO2+8HGI=2MnC12+4H2O=2C12
If unite them
2KMnO4+16HC1+2KC1+2MnC12+8H2O=5C12
Chlorine unites to phosphorus and is formed phosphor (III) chloride.
2P=3C12=2PC13.

Understand.

Ahmad: Thank you very much. We learnt that did not know.
Nazira(Looking at Erkin) I think they will require you to light the campfire without a match
Yokub: I have also thought about it, but you have said it. (Erkin Nazira Tulkin laughed.)
Ahmad: Nazira knows what we won’t.
Hasan: I run to bring some woods. Let's light the campfire with your help.
Nazira (couldn’t stops laughing): I think we must escape after saying anything for you.
Ekub (asks): Does it please.
Nazira (continues laughing): ok bring! (From happiness Hasan leaves the stage and returned with iron tray with a dry small shaving in it).
Hasan: I have brought you the best materials for campfires.
Nazira: Much well, Give me (Hasan gives the tray Nazira. Nazira hiding from boys puts chemical porcelain cup between shaving and added 2-3 drops of liquids on cup and at that time the materials fired it, and set fire for shavings and blazes the beautiful campfire. (Tulkin taking the tray leaves the stage)
Erkin. Have you seen what happened?
Ahmad (Looking at spectators) Here is a chemistry.
Yokub: That is why pupils of high classes talk much about chemistry circle every time. (On scene appears Tulkin).
Hasan (looking at Nazira): You have performed it marvelous.
Ahmad: Say please secret your experiences, we were pleased, if you will tell us its secret also.
Nazira: Here isn’t any secret. You see that amongst shaving I have put a cup. There is a mixture of pulverized sugar and Bertole salt in it. If we add concentrated sulfuric acid, there occurs a campfire.

Erkin: Do you know the reason this? The Reason is that the concentrated sulfuric acid partly change sugar in coal and produce the big heat:

2C12H22OH +11H2SO4 = 11H2SO4 2H2O + 24C.
A Part of the acid molecule reacts to Bertole salt and produce atomic oxygen and chlorine (IV) oxide
H2SO4 + 2KC1O3 =K2SO4 +H20 +2C1O2 + O
Produced chlorine (IV) oxides and atomic oxygen is a strong oxide that is why, under the action of heats lights carbon and sugar:

2C+2C1O2=2CO2+C12,

C+2O=CO2,
C12H22OU + 12C1O2 = 12CO2 + 11H2O + 6 C12

C12H22O11 + 240 = 11H2O +2CO2

Nazira: Attention, I will repeat this experience (and she demonstrates this experience once again): So, here formed a big flame, and sets fire to the firewood.
Ahmad: Thank you Nazirahon. You really have shown and have taught much. Nazira, Erkin, Tulkin let's go.
Thank you you,
Good bye boys (Nazira, Erkin, Tulkin leave)
Ahmad (looking at Ekub and Hasan): wow their knowledge is enormous.

Ekub: when we will study in senior class we will participate in chemical circle and try to have such knowledge

Hasan. We have a little time, let's do the rest task at home.
Ahmad: Really this is true, let’s go (leave the stage).