O. F. Fayzullayev, O. O. Fayzullayev, M. S. Bahronova


Kvant sonlar va atomlardagi elektronlarning holati



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Kvant sonlar va atomlardagi elektronlarning holati


Bosh kvant son, n

Orbital kvant son, l

Magnit kvant son, ml

Spin kvant son, ms

Elektron kvant holati

Orbitallar soni

Elektron holatlar soni

Elektron-larning umumiy soni

1

0

0

+1/2, 1/2

1s

1

2

2

2

0
1

0
+1, 0, 1

+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2

2s
2p

1
3

2
6

8

3

0
1
2

0
+1, 0, 1
+2, +1, 0, 1, 2

+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2

3s
3p
3d

1
3
5

2
6
10

18

4

0
1
2
3

0
+1, 0, 1
+2, +1, 0, 1, 2
+3,+2, +1, 0, 1, 2, 3

+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2

4s
4p
4d
4f

1
3
5
7

2
6
10
14

32

5

0
1
2
3
4

0
+1, 0, 1
+2, +1, 0, 1, 2
+3,+2, +1, 0, 1, 2, 3
+4,+3,+2, +1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2
+1/2, 1/2

5s
5p
5d
5f
5g

1
3
5
7
9

2
6
10
14
18

50

2-Ilova
Muhim kislota va asoslarning suvdagi dissotsiatsiya konstantalari
(25 oC)

Kislotalar


Nomi

Formulasi

Bos-qich

Ka

pKa

Azid

HN3




1,910-5

4,72

-Alanin

CH3CH(NH2)COOH




1,3510-10

9,87

-Alanin

NH2CH2CH2COOH




4,410-11

10,36

Aminosirka

NH2CH2COOH




1,710-10

9,78

Arsenat

H3AsO4

K1
K2
K3

6,010-3
1,0510-7
2,9510-12

2,22
6,98
11,53

Arsenit

H3AsO3




5,110-10

9,29

Benzoat

C6H5COOH




6,610-5

4,18

Borat

H3BO3

K1

5,810-10

9,24

Bromid

HBr




1109

-9

Chumoli

HCOOH




1,810-4

3,75

Dixromat

H2Cr2O7

K2

2,310-2

1,64

Ditionat

H2S2O6

K1
K2

6,310-1
4,010-4

0,20
3,40

Dixlorsirka

Cl2CHCOOH




5,010-2

1,30

Fenol

C6H5OH




1,310-10

9,90

O-Fosfat

H3PO4

K1
K2
K3

7,610-3
6,210-8
4,410-13

2,12
7,21
12,36

Fosfit

H3PO3

K1
K2

1,610-2
2,010-7

1,80
6,70

Fumar

HOOCCH=CHCOOH

K1
K2

9,310-4
3,610-5

3,03
4,44

Gipobromit

HbrO




2,510-9

8,60

Gipoyodit

HJO




2,310-11

10,64

Gipoxlorit

HClO




5,010-8

7,30

Glutanat

HOOC(CH2)3COOH

K1
K2

4,610-5
3,910-6

4,34
5,41

Glyukonat

HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH




1,410-4

3,86

Kahrabo

HOOCCH2CH2COOH

K1
K2

6,510-5
3,310-6

4,19
5,48

m-Krezol

CH3C6H4OH




9,810-11

10,01

o-Krezol

CH3C6H4OH




6,310-11

10,20

p-Krezol

CH3C6H4OH




6,710-11

10,17

Malein

HOOCCH=CHCOOH

K1
K2

1,210-2
5,910-7

1,92
6,23

Malon

HOOCCH2COOH

K1
K2

1,410-3
2,210-6

2,85
5,66

Manganat

H2MnO4

K1

~10-1

~1







K2

7,110-11

10,15

izo-Moy

(CH3)2CHCOOH




1,410-5

4,86

n-Moy

CH3(CH2) 2COOH




1,510-5

4,82

Molibdat

H2MoO4

K1
K2

1,610-2
3,910-5

1,80
4,10

Nitrat

HNO3




43,6

-1,64

Nitrit

HNO2




5,110-4

3,29

Oksalat

H2C2O4

K1
K2

5,610-2
5,410-5

1,25
4,27

Peryodat

HJO4




2,810-2

1,55

Permanganat

HMnO4




2102

-2,3

Pikrin

HOC6H2(NO2)3




5,010-3

2,30

Plavik

HF




6,810-4

3,17

Propion

CH3CH2COOH




1,3510-5

4,87

Rodanid

HNCS




1,410-1

0,85

Salitsilat

HOC6H4COOH




1,110-3

2,97

Selenat

H2SeO4

K2

8,910-3

2,05

Selenit

H2SeO3

K1
K2

2,410-3
4,810-9

2,62
8,32

Selenid

H2Se

K1
K2

1,310-4
1,010-11

3,89
11,00

Sianat

HCNO




3,510-4

3,46

Sianid

HCN




6,210-10

9,21

Silikat

H4SiO4

K1
K2
K3

1,310-10
1,610-12
2,010-14

9,90
11,80
13,70

Sirka

CH3COOH




1,7410-5

4,76

Sulfat

H2SO4

K2

1,210-2

1,94

Sulfit

H2SO3

K1
K2

1,710-2
6,210-8

1,76
7,20

Sulfid

H2S

K1
K2

8,910-8
1,310-13

7,05
12,90

Sut

CH3CH(OH)COOH




1,410-4

3,86

Tartrat (vino)

HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH

K1
K2

9,110-4
4,310-5

3,04
4,37

Trixlorsirka

CCl3COOH




2,010-1

0,70

Izo-Valerian

(CH3)2CHCH2COOH




1,710-5

4,78

N-Valerian

CH3(CH2) 3COOH




1,410-5

4,86

Xlorid

HCl




1107

-7

Xlorit

HClO2




1,110-2

1,97

Xlorsirka

CH2ClCOOH




1,410-3

2,86

Xromat

H2CrO4

K1
K2

1,810-1
3,210-7

0,74
6,50

Yodat

HJO3




1,610-1

0,79

Yodid

HJ




11011

-11


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