Non-bank financial institutions: assessment of their impact on the stability of the financial system


The flash crash of May 6, 2010 and ETFs



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The flash crash of May 6, 2010 and ETFs 
According to the CFTC/SEC report on the flash crash, equity-based ETFs were disproportionately 
affected by the extreme price volatilities. This was in large part due to the fact that many ETF 
market makers, particularly those that value underlying stocks as part of their normal market 
making activities, paused their market making for considerable periods of time during that day.
The CFTC/SEC report also notes that the result of their analysis of order books on May 6
th

are 
consistent with the hypothesis that relative to the liquidity of large-cap stocks, much more of the 
liquidity in ETFs is provided by market professionals, such as market makers and HFTs, who tend to 
quote much closer to the inside of the market than do non-professional investors who may have 
price targets much further from the mid-quote. Therefore, when professionals pulled out because 
of data-integrity concerns, ETFs may not have had the same level of resting liquidity far from the 
mid-quote as did large-cap stocks, allowing a disproportionate number of ETF orders to hit stub-
quote levels”. 
12.3
 
Risks to stability 
The increased growth of ETFs and particularly their increased complexity and synthetic replication 
schemes may threaten the stability of the financial system. These threats include the grouping of 
tracking error risk with trading book risk by the swap counterparty, which could compromise risk 
management; collateral risk triggering a run on ETFs in periods of heightened counterparty risk; 
materialisation of liquidity risk when there are sudden and large investor withdrawals; and 
increased product complexity and options on ETFs undermining risk monitoring capacity (BIS, 
2011). 



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