Croatia 2030: Roadmap for a Better Future
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ANNEX: A policy agenda until 2030
This annex proposes a policy agenda for growth to be implemented over the next decade.
The list of
reform actions is not exhaustive, but it can provide a roadmap for Croatian authorities. Success of this
policy agenda is conditional on (i) preserving macroeconomic stability, (ii) building institutional capacity
for successful implementation, and (iii) establishing an adequate investment management system.
Macroeconomic stability
Macroeconomic stability - including the sustainability of public finances, external sustainability and
stability of the domestic financial sector - is essential to avoid boom-bust cycles, ensure public sup-
port for the reform and avert the risk of reform reversals.
Fiscal policy should support economic growth and be informed by equity considerations
. Fiscal de-
velopments have been favorable since 2014, with significant improvement in the fiscal balance and public
debt firmly on a downward path.
But fragilities remain and Croatia should continue its debt reduction path,
while ensuring growth and a more equity friendly composition of the budget. We recommend that the focus
in the upcoming period should be on:
•
Rebalancing expenditures
: the share of public investment in overall government spending has
been sharply reduced and investment will need to be expanded significantly to meet economic
and social objectives in the next decade. This will require streamlining unproductive expendi-
tures and improving the efficiency of spending to create room for investment without increasing
total government expenditures. Furthermore, this could allow for more flexibility within the
budget and fiscal space to adopt countercyclical measures in the event of another crisis.
•
Reducing the tax burden
: tax revenues are higher than in many other EU countries and are
heavily dependent on VAT and other indirect taxes, disproportionately weighing on lower in-
comes, while property taxes are less developed. For the tax system to be supportive of Croatia’s
economic and social objectives, both the tax burden and the regressivity of the overall tax sys-
tem should be further reduced.
•
Managing Public Debt
: while debt has fallen, it remains high for Croatia’s current level of in-
come. This makes Croatia highly vulnerable to the worsening of external borrowing conditions,
including interest rate shocks. As three quarters of public debt is denominated in foreign cur-
rency, an element of exchange rate risk remains. A continued reduction of the ratio of debt to
GDP, accompanied by further improvements in its currency composition and maturity profile,
should be pursued.
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