188
grammatik shakl
grammatical
form
grammaticheskay
a
forma
So`zning
biror
grammatik
ma‘no
ifodalaydigan ko`rinishi
Sintetik shakl
synthetic
form
sinteticheskaya
forma
shakl yasovchi affikslar vositasida hosil
bo`ladigan shakl
Analitik shakl
analytical form analiticheskaya
forma
yordamchi
so`zlar
orqali
yuzaga
keladigan shakl
Paradigma
paradigm
Paradigma
So`zning grammatik shakllari tizimi
Ot
noun
imya
sushestvitel‘noe
Predmetning nomini (keng ma‘noda)
bildiruvchi mustaqil so`z turkumi
atoqli otlar
proper noun
sobstvennoe
sushestvitel‘noe
Bir
xildagi
predmet
(shaxs)
yoki
hodisalardagi
birinchi
ayirib
ko`rsatadigan
otlar
turdosh ot
common noun
naritsatel‘noe
sushestvitel‘noe
Bir
turdagi
predmet,
hodisalarning
umumlashtiruvchi nomi
konkret ot
concrete nouns konkretnoe
sushestvitel‘noe
Bevosita predmet anglatadigan otlar
mavhum ot
abstract nouns
abstraktnoe
sushestvitel‘noe
Mavhum tushunchani, belgini predmet
sifatida ifodalaydigan otlar
yakka ot
individually
nouns
edinichnie
sushestvitel‘noe
Birlik
shaklda
kelib
bir
turdagi
predmetlardan
bittasini ifodalaydigan ot
jamlovchi ot
collective
nouns
sobiratel‘noe
sushestvitel‘noe
Birlik shaklda kelsa ham, lekin bir
turdagi predmetlarning jamini, to`dasini
ifodalaydigan ot
Son kategoriyasi
thigh category
kategoriya chisla
birlik va koplik ma‘nolari va ularni
ifodalovchi shakllari yig`indisi
Mantiqiy son
logical thigh
logicheskoe
chislitel‘noe
mantiq nuqtai nazaridan aniqlanadigan
son
birlik shakli
unity form
edinichnaya
forma
yakka tushunchani
ifodalaydigan shakl
Otlarning
nokategorial
shakllari
uncategorical
form
nekategorial‘naya
forma
imyon
sushestvitel‘nix
biron-bir
kategoriyaga
mansub
bo`lmagan shakllar
nol ko`rsatkich
zero marker
nulevoy ukazatel‘ grammatik ko`rsatkichsiz shakl
hurmat shakli
respect form
uvajitel‘naya
forma
hurmat ma‘nosini ifodalaydigan shakl
qarashlilik shakli under form
forma
otnositel‘nosti
qarashlilik ma‘nosini ifodalaydigan shakl
chegara shakli
border form
pogranichnaya
forma
chegara ma‘nosini ifodalaydigan shakl
o`xshatish shakli
likening form
upodobitel‘naya
forma
o`xshatish ma‘nosini ifodalaydigan shakl
Morfologik usul
morphological
means
morfologicheskiy
sposob
qo`shimchalar yordamida ot yasalish
usuli
Sintaktik usul
syntax means
sintaksicheskiy
sposob
so`zlarni qo`shish va juftlash yordamida
ot yasalish usuli
Abbreviatsiya
abbreviation
Abbreviatura
so`zlarni turli shakllarda qisqartirish
189
usuli
means
yordamida ot yasalishi
modal shakl
modal form
modal‘naya
forma
otlarning
lug`aviy
ma‘nolarin
o`zgashakllarini
semantik usul
semantic
means
semanticheskiy
sposob
ma‘no taraqqiyoti natijasida ot yasalishi
Sodda ot
simple
prostoe
sushestvitel‘noe
bitta
asosdan iborat otlar
Qo`shma ot
complex noun
slojnoe
sushestvitel‘noe
kamida ikkita asosning qo`shilishidan
yasalgan ot
Juft ot
pair noun
parnie
sushestvitel‘noe
ikkita har xil asosning juftlanishidan
hosil bo`lgan ot
Qisqartma otlar
abbreviated
nouns
sokrashennie
sushestvitel‘nie
turyasalgan otli shaklda qisqartirib
Takroriy otlar
repeated nouns povtornie
sushestvitel‘nie
bir asosning takrorlanishishidan hosil bo
lgan ot
Atamaning
o`zbek
tilida
nomlanishi
Atamaning
ingliz
tilida
nomlanishi
Atamaning
rus
tilida nomlanishi
Atamaning izohi
Morfologik usul
morphological
means
morfologicheskiy
sposob
qo`shimchalar yordamida ot yasalish
usuli
Sintaktik usul
syntax means
sintaksicheskiy
sposob
so`zlarni qo`shish va juftlash yordamida
ot yasalish usuli
Abbreviatsiya
usuli
abbreviation
means
Abbreviatura
so`zlarni turli shakllarda qisqartirish
yordamida ot yasalishi
190
modal shakl
modal form
modal‘naya
forma
otlarning
lug`aviy
ma‘nolarin
o`zgashakllarini
semantik usul
semantic
means
semanticheskiy
sposob
ma‘no taraqqiyoti natijasida ot yasalishi
Sodda ot
simple
prostoe
sushestvitel‘noe
bitta asosdan iborat otlar
Qo`shma ot
complex noun
slojnoe
sushestvitel‘noe
kamida ikkita asosning qo`shilishidan
yasalgan ot
Juft ot
pair noun
parnie
sushestvitel‘noe
ikkita har xil asosning juftlanishidan
hosil bo`lgan ot
Qisqartma otlar
abbreviated
nouns
sokrashennie
sushestvitel‘nie
turyasalgan otli
shaklda qisqartirib
Takroriy otlar
repeated nouns povtornie
sushestvitel‘nie
bir asosning takrorlanishishidan hosil bo
lgan ot
Sifat
adjective
imya
prilagatel‘noe
Predmetning doimiy, o`zgarmas belgisini
ifodalaydigan so`zlar
asliy sifat
qualitative
adjective
kachestvennoe
prilagatel‘noe
Predmetning doimiy belgisini
bildiradigan
belgini
bevosita
ifodalaydigan sifatlar
nisbiy sifat
comparative
adjective
otnositel‘noe
prilagatel‘noe
Belgini bavosita, ya‘ni biror narsa va
hodisaga nisbat berish, o`xshatish orqali
ifodalaydigan sifatlar
Daraja
degree
stepeni
sravneniya
sifat ifodalagan belgining ko`p-kamligini
ifodalash
oddiy daraja
normal degree
polojitel‘naya
stepen‘
Predmetning belgisi boshqa predmetdagi
xuddi shunday belgiga qiyos qilinmag
daraja
qiyosiy daraja
comparative
degree
sravnitel‘naya
stepen‘
Predmet belgisining boshqa predmetdagi
xudi shunday belgidan ortiq yoki kam
ekanligining
ifodalaydigan daraja
orttirma daraja
superlative
form
prevosxodnaya
stepen‘
Predmetdagi
belgining
boshqa
predmetdagi shunday belgiga nisbatan
eng ko`p, oliy darajada ekanligini
ifodalash
Otlashuv
substantive
Substantivatsiya
otning so`rog`iga javob bo`lish, otga xos
qo`shimchalarni olish va otga xos
sintaktik vazifani bajarish
yasama sifat
derived
adjective
proizvodnoe
prilagatel‘noe
biron-bir yasalish usuli bilan yasalgan
sifat
qo`shma sifat
joint adjective
slojnoe
prilagatel‘noe
kamida ikkita asos bo`lgan siafatlar
birikmali sifat
compound
adjective
sostavnoe
prilagatelnoe
tarkibi ikki va undan ortiq so`zdan iborat
bo`ladi va ular orasidagi munosabatlar
aniq sezilib turgan bo`ladi
juft sifatlar
pair adjective
parnie
prilagatel‘nie
ikkita asosning juftlashishidan yasalgan
sifatlar
takroriy sifatlar
iterative
povtornie
ikki so`zning takrorlanishidan yasalgan