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#16 (150)
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April 2017
375
History
izing the directions of Turkmencult studies [2, pg.39]. By the
way, Ye. R. Tripolskaya made the statement about the origi-
nality of Turkmen national embroidery, dating back to 1928,
but still is actual today: «I am delighted with the display of
such a bold independent approach to the machine (sewing —
B.D.
), indicating the relentless creative principle in the people,
who managed to use the convenience of machine and not dis-
tort its style. There is interesting the ability to adjust hand
thread (silk) for the machine. All this speaks of the great ar-
tistic talents of the people and of its great love for its national
decorative art. The things made by the machine are partly ma-
chine-made, supplemented with manual embroidery. And the
knitting is so good that it does not irritate the eyes at all and is
noticeable only after careful study» [CSAT. Fund 67. Inven-
tory 1. File 190. From the manuscript of Ye. R. Tripolskaya].
There were eight sections formed in the Turkmencult, in-
cluding section of ethnography and art. The employees con-
ducted research in the field of cultural heritage of the Turkmen
people, collected ethnographic items for the local history mu-
seum, and organized local history courses for teachers. From
1927 to 1931 the Institute published the popular scientific
magazine «Turkmenology» in Turkmen and Russian lan-
guages, where ethnographic articles were regularly published.
In the winter of 1927–28 an ethnological and linguistic
expedition took place, in which scientists of the Institute
took part. Studies were carried out among the population
of South-Western Turkmenistan — in Kara-Kala and Kyz-
yl-Arvat (now Serdar town), extensive material on the spiri-
tual heritage of Turkmen was collected. The scientific results
of this expedition were printed at that time in several issues
of the magazine «Turkmenology».
Researchers of the ethnography section also developed
the methodology of field research. In particular, the working
note of 1929, which reflects the tasks of collecting ethno-
graphic material, says:
1. «To carry out the recording of generic names.
2. To find out which generic divisions are considered as
senior.
3. To record the remaining assignments.
4. All collected material should have information about
how it was reported». [CSAT. Fund 67. Inventory 1. File
210].
In September-October 1930, the ethnographic section
took part in ethnological and linguistic expedition of Turkm-
encult to Merv and Iolotan. There was collected data on the
material culture of the population, main types of dwellings,
economic structures, vehicles, production tools in agricul-
ture, homecraft and handicrafts were studied. Photographing
of homes, agricultural tools such as
kunde
, soap and leather
workshops, Turkmen national shoes —
kovush
, vehicles —
hovut
, etc. was carried out. There were collected up to 1500
words-terms, names of objects of material culture, as well as
folk songs and children’s poetry rhymes making 24 sheets
of typewritten text [in the same place]. The results of ethno-
logical and linguistic expedition of Turkmencult in 1930 fa-
cilitated the collection of extensive field data on material and
spiritual culture of Turkmen people. The scientific experience
acquired in the ethnographic expeditions of those years was
very valuable and important in the further work of Turkmen
ethnographers.
In conclusion, it should be noted that in all sciences,
without exception, there is the notion of continuity of gen-
erations, which is expressed in studying, creative compre-
hension, application of heritage of the older generation of re-
searchers. For ethnology, which studies material and spiritual
culture of peoples, this is especially important. After all, eth-
nology as a science collects, accumulates, systematizes, ex-
plores, and preserves immense information about the peoples
of the Earth. And the progressive contribution of each ethnol-
ogist in this treasury of knowledge is significant for science.
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