SPIKES IN INTEREST RATES
Many Canadian financial crises were precipitated
by increases in interest rates, either when interest rates shot up in the United States
or when bank panics led to a scramble for liquidity in Canada that produced sharp
upward spikes in interest rates.
Higher interest rates lead to declines in cash flow for households and firms and
a reduction in the number of good credit risks who are willing to borrow, both of
which increase adverse selection and moral hazard (as shown by the arrow point-
ing from the third factor in the top row of Figure 9-1), causing a decline in eco-
nomic activity.
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