Mishkin 2011. pdf



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1 THE ECONOMICS OF MONEYS BAMKING AND FINANCIAL MARKETS

Bank Act of 1992

Comprehensive banking law

Allowed chartered banks to own trust companies

Allowed trust companies to make commercial loans

Made provisions for the phasing out of reserve requirements

(Continued)



aging about 20 a year. In the mid-1980s, however, the situation in Canada changed

dramatically with the failure of two chartered banks and the financial difficulties of

a large number of other financial institutions. Why did this happen? How did a sta-

ble banking system that seemed to be working well find itself in trouble?

The story starts with the oil boom in western Canada in the 1970s. It led to the cre-

ation of several western banks, including two Alberta-based Schedule I banks, the

Canadian Commercial Bank and the Northland Bank, both formed in 1975.

Unfortunately, the managers of these banks did not have the expertise that would

have enabled them to manage risk appropriately; they excessively concentrated in

a few borrowers in western Canada and placed a large percentage of their total

loans in real estate.

The existence of deposit insurance increased moral hazard for the Canadian

Commercial and Northland banks, because insured depositors had little incentive

C H A P T E R 1 0



Economic Analysis of Financial Regulation

239


TA B L E 1 0 - 1

(Continued)

Set rules regarding the supervisory role of the Bank of Canada and the OSFI with respect to

chartered banks

Reset the sunset clause from 10 years to 5 years to address the changing Canadian financial services

marketplace




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