C H A P T E R 1 6
The Money Supply Process . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Learning Objectives
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
404
Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
404
Three Players in the Money Supply Process .
404
The Bank of Canada s Balance Sheet . . . . . .
405
Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Global
The Worldwide Decline in Reserve
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
407
Control of the Monetary Base . . . . . . . . . . .
408
Bank of Canada Open Market
Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Shifts from Deposits into Currency . . . . . . . 411
Bank of Canada Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Other Factors That Affect the Monetary
Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Overview of the Bank s Ability to
Control the Monetary Base . . . . . . . . . . 413
Multiple Deposit Creation: A Simple
Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
414
Deposit Creation: The Single Bank . . . . . . . 414
Deposit Creation: The Banking System . . . . 415
Deriving the Formula for Multiple
Deposit Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Critique of the Simple Model . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Factors That Determine the Money
Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
420
Changes in the Non-borrowed
Monetary Base,
MB
n
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Changes in Borrowed Reserves (
BR
)
from the Bank of Canada . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Changes in the Desired Reserve Ratio,
r
. . . 420
Changes in Currency Holdings . . . . . . . . . . 421
Overview if the Money Supply Process . . . .
421
The Money Multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
422
Deriving the Money Multiplier . . . . . . . . . . 422
Intuition Behind the Money Multiplier . . . . 423
Money Supply Response to Changes in
the Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Application
The Great Depression Bank
Panics, 1930 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
425
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
428
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
428
Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
428
Quantitative Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
429
Web Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
430
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