Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

Productive

Two main ways of word formation can be observed in Russian too:

Compounding
(сложение)

Different from English and Russian languages there are five main ways of word formation in modern Uzbek:

As it is seen from the schemes of word formation in the compared languages some similarities and differences can be observed.
The main similarity of forming words is having the way of affixing in all compared languages. And all of them have the subtypes, such as pefixing, suffixing and prefix-suffix. For instance, English prefixes are such particles that can be prefixed to full words and it is mostly characteristic for forming verbs. Prefixes can be considered more independent than suffixes in English. They can be classified according to the nature of words in which they are used: prefixes used in notional words and prefixes used in functional words. Prefixes used in notional words are proper prefixes which are bound morphemes, e.g. re- (rewrite). Prefixes used in functional words are semi-bound morphemes because they are met in the language as words, e.g. over- (overprotected) ( cf. over the book ).
Prefixes can be classified according to different principles:
1. Semantic classification:
a) prefixes of negative meaning, such as : in- (invaluable), non- (non-morphological), un- (unhappy) etc.
b) prefixes denoting repetition or reversal actions, such as: de- (deregulate), re- (redo), dis- (disappear).
c) prefixes denoting time, space, degree relations, such as : inter- (international) , hyper- (hypertension), ex- (ex-friend), pre- (pre-reading), over- (overhead) etc.
2. Origin of prefixes can be classified as follows:
a) native (Germanic), such as: un-, over-, under- etc.
b) Romanic, such as : in-, de-, ex-, re- etc.
c) Greek, such as:sym-, hyper- etc.
Besides, there are a lot of borrowed prefixes in English: