arrive
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arriv/e-s,-ing, ed-al/s -a'raiv-a, irj,-d, -al/z
The most complicated type of entry is found in explanatory dictionaries. The
entry of an explanatory dictionary of the synchronic type usually presents the
following data: accepted spelling, pronounciation, grammatical characteristics, the
indication of the part of speech, definition of meanings, modern currency,
illustrative examples, derivatives, phraseological units, etymology, synonyms,
antonyms etc.
Selection and the arrangement of meanings of words in different dictionaries
are different. They depend on the aim of the compilers. Diachronic dictionaries list
more meanings than synchronic dictionaries of current English as they give not
only the meanings in present-day use but also those
which have already become archaic or gone out of use. For example. SOD gives 8
meanings of the verb «arrive» while. COD lists only five. The meanings of words
in dictionaries may be defined by means of phrases, synonymous words and exp-
ressions. Frequency dictionaries, spelling books, etymological, ideographic and
other dictionaries may have illustrative examples.
The structure of the dictionary consists of an Introduction and Guide to the
use of the dictionary. It explains all the peculiarities of the dictionary and also
gives a key to pronounciation, the list of abbriviations. Dictionaries have some
supplementary material. It may include addenda and various word-lists:
geographical names, foreign words, tables of weights and measures.
«Students should know something about the large, unabridged dictionaries
to which they have ready access in college. Тhey might well be given brief
sketches of the 'Oxford English Dictionary, The English Dialect by Joseph Wright,
the old Century Dictionary (12 volumes) and the modern unabridged Webster.
These may be called the «Big Four» in the dictionary field.
An acquaintance with, these larger works will not only make the students
aware of what kind of information about words is available in them, but it will
leave him much better prepared to make efficient use of the desk — size dictionary
with which he has some familiarity. «clinic» is from a Greek word meaning a bed,
and the meanings of the word and those of its derivatives and combination stem
from this significance. (Mitford M. Mathews)
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is not a dictionary to which you turn
to see whether or not a certain word is a «good» word to use. It is a book which
attempts scientifically to record the history and development of every printed word
in the language from the time of King Alfred to the current date of publication ...
the OED does not try to set a standard for English. It tells you as completely as
possible what the language is and where it has been.
The entries for single words in the OED “after” run on four pages. The
word «set» with its definition and other materials fills more than eighteen pages,
«go» fills thirty — five columns and over seventy separate senses or given for
«get».
136
In all the OED contains over 414.000 definitions, which are in turn
illustrated by almost two million quotations. The total number of words in all the
volumes is estimated at fifty million.
Thus, the OED records 414,825 words, of which 240.165 are main words,
67,105 subordinate words, 47,800 special combinations and 59.755 obvious
combinations. There are about 500.000 definitions and more than 1,800,000
illustrative quotations. There are 16,570 pages in its 13 volumes. (L. I. Stupin.)
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